{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T11:02:51Z","timestamp":1789988571695,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003093","name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRGS\/1\/2022\/SKK01\/UPM\/02\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2022\/SKK01\/UPM\/02\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Vitamin D deficiency remains a global health concern for pregnant women. Adequate vitamin D is vital for optimal fetal development, immune regulation, and preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to determine the impact of vitamin D deficiency on pregnancy complications among a Malaysian cohort. This was a prospective observational study involving 414 pregnant women. Data was collected using a structured interviewer\u2010administered questionnaire, including sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics, vitamin D risk factor assessment questions, vitamin D status, and follow up for pregnancy outcomes. Serum vitamin D level was determined using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 64.7%. Participants' daily median total vitamin D intake was 11.2\u2009\u03bcg\/day which was significantly low compared with the vitamin D recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of the study population. The study found a significant association between vitamin D status and pregnancy complications: gestational hypertensive disorder (\u2009\uab53\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20099.024;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.011), preterm birth (\uab53\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20098.249;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.016), and Group B Streptococcus carrier (\uab53\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20097.379;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.025). Participants who reported vitamin D consumptions during pregnancy had decreased likelihood of gestational hypertensive disorders (aOR\u2009=\u20090.278 (0.08\u20134.79) 95% CI;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0001), Group B Streptococcus carriage (aOR\u2009=\u20090.282 (0.08\u20130.99) 95% CI;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.048), and decreased likelihood of cesarean section (aOR\u2009=\u20090.580 (95% CI: 0.347\u20130.967);\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.037). Vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with increased risk of gestational hypertensive disorders, Group B Streptococcus carriage and cesarean section. It can be suggested that maternal vitamin D deficiency might be associated with an increased risk of some adverse pregnancy outcomes. Further interventional research is required to confirm a causal relationship, meanwhile promoting adequate vitamin D status among pregnant women may be beneficial.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T06:38:37Z","timestamp":1769495917000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Effects on Pregnancy Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4178-7770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yakubu","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia  Serdang Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences Ahmadu Bello University  Zaria Kaduna State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4131-3404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amilia Afzan","family":"Mohd Jamil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia  Serdang Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norshariza","family":"Nordin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia  Serdang Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5609-8065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su Peng","family":"Loh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia  Serdang Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurul Iftida","family":"Basri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia  Serdang Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12058"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f1169"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884\u2010022\u201004815\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643\u2010020\u201001360\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2022.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884\u2010016\u20100901\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003892"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004477"},{"issue":"1241","key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","article-title":"Vitamin D Deficiency in Pregnant New Zealand Women","volume":"119","author":"Annie Judkins C. 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