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This study evaluated the biochemical impact of supplementing KD\u2010fed rats with a diluted aqueous extract of Bitter Melon (BM) on the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Thirty\u2010two male rats were divided into four groups: G1 (Control), G2 (KD), G3 (BM extract, 1.5\u2009g\/kg body weight), and G4 (KD\u2009+\u2009BM extract, 1.5\u2009g\/kg body weight). Serum and liver samples were analyzed for biochemical parameters. KD reduced glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TG), Free Fatty Acids (FFA), glycogen, pyruvate carboxylase, and PEPCK, while elevating cholesterol (+34%), lactate, and ketone bodies (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). BM supplementation partially restored glucose (+15%), insulin, TG, FFA, glycogen, and enzyme activity, while lowering cholesterol (\u221214%), lactate (\u221216%), and ketone bodies (\u221227%) (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Histological analysis confirmed improved liver architecture in BM\u2010treated groups. BM aqueous extract counteracts KD\u2010induced metabolic disturbances, improving glucose and lipid homeostasis and supporting its role as a safe adjunct to KD for long\u2010term metabolic management.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T04:41:42Z","timestamp":1770784902000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Biochemical Role of Bitter Melon (\n                    <i>Momordica charantia<\/i>\n                    L.) Aqueous Extract in Regulating Hepatic Gluconeogenesis in Rats Fed Ketogenic Diet"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3095-3430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghalia","family":"Shamlan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/429060"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43094\u2010021\u201000335\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137076"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules17089631"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/ralf.v5i3.39586"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/496169"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.8357"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.2020-004275"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.10.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2017.12.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/115.7.872"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14172642"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(78)90514-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0393-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-019-09514-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439\u20100507.2001.00609.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","article-title":"Glucose Regulation Effect by the Functional Bitter Melon Compound BmpP\u00ae in Palmitic Acid\u2010Induced Insulin Resistance HepG2 Cells","volume":"3","author":"Chang C. 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