{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:07:05Z","timestamp":1790690825312,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Date palm leaves (DPL), a widely available lignocellulosic by\u2010product, are used as ruminant feed but are limited by high lignin and low protein content. This study evaluated the enhancement of DPL's nutritional value using a lignocellulose\u2010degrading bacterial consortium (\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp.,\n                    <jats:italic>Brevibacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp., and\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp.) isolated from the leopard moth (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Zeuzera pyrina<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    L.) gut, supplemented with microbial growth stimulators. Six treatments were applied: untreated DPL (control), DPL with M9 medium (T1), DPL with bacterial inoculum (T2), T2\u2009+\u20090.5% glucose (T3), T2\u2009+\u20090.5% urea (T4), and T2\u2009+\u20090.5% glucose\u2009+\u20090.5% urea (T5). Parameters assessed included chemical composition, lignin peroxidase (LiP) activity, in\u00a0vitro gas production (IVGP), fermentation characteristics, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal enzyme activities. LiP activity was highest in T5 (0.328\u2009U\/mL\/min), representing a significant increase over controls. Inoculated treatments significantly reduced acid detergent lignin (ADL) and increased crude protein (CP), with T5 showing the greatest improvement: ADL decreased from 97.8 to 83.8\u2009g\/kg DM, and CP increased from 52.2 to 70.3\u2009g\/kg DM. T5 also exhibited the highest dry matter (DM) loss (61.1\u2009g\/kg DM), IVGP (61.2\u2009mL), metabolizable energy (5.61\u2009MJ\/kg DM), short\u2010chain fatty acid concentration (2.43\u2009mmol\/g DM), microbial protein synthesis (405\u2009mg\/g DM), and ammonia\u2010N (10.2\u2009mg\/dL). Activities of carboxymethyl cellulase, microcrystalline cellulase, and filter paper\u2010degrading enzymes were significantly elevated in all inoculated treatments, with T5 consistently yielding the highest values. These results demonstrate that co\u2010application of the leopard moth gut\u2010derived bacterial consortium with glucose and urea effectively delignifies DPL, substantially enhances its fermentability and nutritive value, and offers a sustainable strategy for valorizing agricultural residues in ruminant nutrition.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T11:24:34Z","timestamp":1770031474000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Synergistic Bioconversion of Date Palm Leaves Into Ruminant Feed by a Leopard Moth (\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Zeuzera pyrina<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    L.) Gut Bacterial Consortium and Nutrient Stimulators"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2747-8085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afrooz","family":"Sharifi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science Research Department Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)  Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3955-3361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayoub","family":"Azizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture Lorestan University  Khorramabad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4731-1546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Kiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture Lorestan University  Khorramabad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"278","volume-title":"Feed Microbiology","author":"Agarwal N.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2020.123321"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1352235"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-017-0375-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","volume-title":"Official Methods of Analysis","author":"AOAC International","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.58.9.3110-3116.1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-0229(01)00302-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15761\/AHDVS.1000176"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Short Protocols in Molecular Biology","author":"Ausubel F. 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