{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:06:30Z","timestamp":1790690790927,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Ginsenoside Rg1 (GRg1), a major bioactive component of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Panax ginseng<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , exhibits potent antioxidant, anti\u2010inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties, positioning it as a promising therapeutic agent in neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders. This review critically examines the current literature on GRg1, emphasizing its molecular mechanisms, pharmacological pathways, and clinical translation in complementary medicine. GRg1 demonstrates protective effects in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), ischemic stroke, cardiovascular dysfunction, diabetes, and aging, acting primarily through the nuclear factor kappa B (NF\u2010\u03baB), mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase (MAPK), Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010catenin, and peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor gamma\/heme oxygenase\u20101 (PPAR\u03b3\/HO\u20101) signaling pathways. Evidence from in\u00a0vitro, in\u00a0vivo, and clinical studies indicates that GRg1 enhances cellular resilience, reduces oxidative damage, and regulates apoptosis. Despite its broad therapeutic potential, low bioavailability remains a major limitation, warranting the development of advanced delivery systems such as nanoparticles and liposomes. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive assessment of GRg1's pharmacological actions and highlights its growing relevance as a multifunctional therapeutic agent in complementary and integrative medicine.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T06:40:21Z","timestamp":1770187221000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ginsenoside Rg1 as a Multifunctional Therapeutic Agent: Pharmacological Properties, Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives in Complementary Medicine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6147-4109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hern\u00e1n","family":"Cort\u00e9s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Departamento de Gen\u00f3mica Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra  Ciudad de M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5168-5981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Fisicoqu\u00edmica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico  Ciudad de M\u00e9xico Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena","family":"Duarte\u2010Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico  Ciudad de M\u00e9xico Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2982-1315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheila I.","family":"Pe\u00f1a\u2010Corona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico  Ciudad de M\u00e9xico Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8196-2612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zainab M.","family":"Almarhoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Kaverikana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmacology  Mangaluru India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivaprasad Shetty","family":"Mangalpady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nitte (Deemed to be University), NMAM Institute of Technology (NMAMIT), Department of Chemistry  Nitte India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinayaka Babu","family":"Shet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nitte (Deemed to be University), NMAM Institute of Technology (NMAMIT), Department of Biotechnology Engineering  Nitte India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikshitha","family":"Manjeshwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nitte (Deemed to be University), NMAM Institute of Technology (NMAMIT), Department of Chemistry  Nitte India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7301-8151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javad","family":"Sharifi\u2010Rad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Esp\u00edritu Santo  Samborond\u00f3n Ecuador"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine Korea University  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Centro de Estudios Tecnol\u00f3gicos y Universitarios del Golfo  Veracruz Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3540-4449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jen\u2010Tsung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences National University of Kaohsiung  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7940-1100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"Leyva\u2010G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico  Ciudad de M\u00e9xico Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3639-0528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William N.","family":"Setzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aromatic Plant Research Center  Lehi Utah USA"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Alabama in Huntsville  Huntsville Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1523-9116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Calina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova  Craiova Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108824"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fft2.461"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210\u2010024\u201003396\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X11009184"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/9789814719810_0024"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472\u20106882\u201012\u201053"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep34477"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202619666220414093130"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2019.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272\u2010019\u201001184\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8886955"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2017.4256"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1716871115"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3011"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.104049"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010017\u201005825\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2017.4514"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.25276"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003\u20104819\u2010136\u20101\u2010200201010\u201000010"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2011.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2022.114845"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_15_23_1","first-page":"636","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of Ginsenosides Rg1 and Its Metabolites in Rats","volume":"45","author":"Feng L.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Yao Xue Xue Bao"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272\u2010010\u20101213\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2017.0071"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.01168"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.07.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106805"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202200730"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2021.11931"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12927"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.47531"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70150"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745\u20107254.2006.00303.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcma.2014.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2015.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2021.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c00529"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906\u2010015\u20100642\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964\u2010023\u201001398\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.01031"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.04.064"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_15_43_1","first-page":"1539","article-title":"Panax ginseng","volume":"68","author":"Kiefer D.","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00769\u2010009\u20100588\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2021.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2024.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980000000550"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm18087"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2019.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ijp.2018.1188.1197"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1749\u20108546\u20105\u201020"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1414\u2010431X20177139"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA05864C"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00078"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.30.847"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hr\/uhac108"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_59_1","first-page":"273","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg1 Regulating NF\u2010(Kappa)B to Block Hypoxia for Inducing EMT in Ovarian Cancer Cell SKOV3","volume":"28","author":"Liu D.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Woman & Child Health Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.18788"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2021.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30028"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2014.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(24)00367\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4221"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2015.00129"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2014.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.14321"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46080468"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47162\/RJME.63.1.03"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2020.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668\u2010024\u201000523\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1739\u201017.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/s2724\u2010542x.22.02946\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064\u2010018\u20102567\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acx086"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gastroent14030027"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b14\u201000394"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2015.09.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11162529"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153156"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_15_84_1","first-page":"1121","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Ginsenoside Rg1 in Rats","volume":"36","author":"Tan Z. Y.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zhong Yao Cai = Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi = China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726\u2010003\u20100017\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2017.12.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2016.04.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951\u2010021\u201001062\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1490480"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.03.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2018.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2018.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.175431"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.6459"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2018.6727"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep07790"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b18\u201000132"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c00123"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401\u2010022\u201001022\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401\u2010020\u201000558\u20104"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_15_102_1","first-page":"2484","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg1 Suppressed Inflammation and Neuron Apoptosis by Activating PPAR\u03b3\/HO\u20101 in Hippocampus in Rat Model of Cerebral Ischemia\u2010Reperfusion Injury","volume":"8","author":"Yang Y.","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.14041"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/030.2022.01881"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2014.3098"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1629803"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003\u20104819\u2010141\u20101\u2010200407060\u201000011"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2023.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.03.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2013.1870"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules191016925"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2015.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2013.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.920666"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.19698"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1070679"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/3595992"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00041.2009"}],"container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.71486","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/fsn3.71486","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.71486","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:26:02Z","timestamp":1790688362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/fsn3.71486"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/fsn3.71486"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.71486","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-7177","2048-7177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-7177","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-7177","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71486"}}