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Addressing this problem requires sustainable valorization strategies, including bioethanol production, which can simultaneously reduce waste burdens and contribute to renewable\u2010energy generation. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the physical and chemical characteristics of food waste, the rationale behind pretreatment methods, and their role in improving downstream bioconversion efficiency. Pretreatments\u2014physical, chemical, physicochemical, and biological\u2014are examined with emphasis on how they enhance hydrolysis and improve fermentable\u2010sugar release. Fermentation is the critical biochemical step in this pathway, as it converts the hydrolyzed sugars into bioethanol through the metabolic activity of yeast and bacteria. Enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation, the core steps that convert complex biomass into ethanol, are critically evaluated alongside bioprocessing strategies such as SHF, SSF, SSCF, and consolidated bioprocessing. The review identifies that physical and chemical pretreatments improve fermentable\u2010sugar release but may involve higher energy or chemical inputs, whereas enzymatic and biological methods offer more sustainable alternatives with lower inhibitory by\u2010product formation. Among bioprocessing strategies, SSF and SSCF consistently demonstrate higher bioethanol yields and reduced processing time compared with SHF. Consolidated bioprocessing shows strong potential for future development due to its reduced operational steps and lower overall costs. Collectively, these findings highlight the importance of integrating efficient pretreatment with optimized fermentation strategies to maximize bioethanol production while enhancing the sustainability of food\u2010waste management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T05:53:00Z","timestamp":1769838780000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Sustainable Pretreatment of Food Waste for Enhanced Bioethanol Production and Improved Waste Management: A Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Shaina","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Engineering University Institute of Engineering &amp; Technology, Panjab University  Chandigarh 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