{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:07:22Z","timestamp":1790690842282,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004048","name":"Kashan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["402110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["402110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients undergoing methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) often experience psychological issues and clinical dysfunctions, which can negatively impact the effectiveness of the treatment. Addressing these challenges is crucial for improving patient outcomes. This clinical trials aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Spirulina (SP) supplementation on craving, psychological distress, sexual performance, and cognitive functions in male receiving methadone. In this double\u2010blind randomized clinical trial, 50 male patients undergoing MMT were randomly assigned to receive either the SP (500\u2009mg twice daily,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200925) or the placebo (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200925) for 12\u2009weeks. Assessments were conducted at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Psychological indicators were measured using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale\u201021 (DASS\u201021); sexual function was evaluated with the International Index for Erectile Function (IIEF); drug craving was assessed via the Drug Desire Questionnaire (DDQ); and cognitive performance was measured with the FAS test, Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), and Trail Making Test (TMT). Overall results support that SP supplementation significantly reduced anxiety and stress score compared to the placebo group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). However, no significant effects were observed for the depression, sexual function, craving, and cognitive performance measures between the two groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). SP supplementation may help alleviate anxiety and stress in men undergoing MMT, suggesting its potential as a supportive intervention. Further studies with larger participant groups are warranted to confirm these effects and explore broader benefits of SP in this population.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IRCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      Registration\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IRCT20231101059923N2 (Registration date: 2023\u201012\u201016).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T04:44:13Z","timestamp":1770439453000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Efficacy of Spirulina on Cognitive Function, Psychological and Clinical Indicators in Men Patients Under Methadone Therapy (a Randomized Trial)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Morteza Zamani","family":"Asadolah\u2010poor\u2010kashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center Kashan University of Medical Sciences  Kashan Iran"},{"name":"Student Research Committee Kashan University of Medical Sciences  Kashan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peyman","family":"Mamsharifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Allameh Tabataba\u2018i University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freshteh","family":"Haerifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center Kashan University of Medical Sciences  Kashan Iran"},{"name":"Student Research Committee Kashan University of Medical Sciences  Kashan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehrdad","family":"Simani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Development Unit of Shahid Beheshti Hospital Kashan University of Medical Sciences  Kashan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9193-6039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Ghaderi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center Kashan University of Medical Sciences  Kashan Iran"},{"name":"Clinical Research Development Unit\u2010Matini\/Kargarnejad Hospital Kashan University of Medical Sciences  Kashan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fateme","family":"Mehrzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Development Unit\u2010Matini\/Kargarnejad Hospital Kashan University of Medical Sciences  Kashan Iran"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Kashan University of Medical Science  Kashan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S1819712424010057"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01248-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-025-00405-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-017-0123-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013510"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1048258"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13975"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15504263.2017.1363449"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14183714"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","unstructured":"Crime UNOoDa.2021.\u201cWorld Drug Report (2021).\u201dhttps:\/\/www.unodc.org\/unodc\/en\/data\u2010and\u2010analysis\/wdr2021.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(197701)33:1 <194::AID-JCLP2270330143>3.0.CO;2-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32598\/bcn.2024.2756.3"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spirulina as a Main Source of Tryptophan for Mental Illness: Improving Level of Serotonin Through Tryptophan Supplementation","volume":"7","author":"Demelash S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Global Journal of Medicine and Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3293065"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","first-page":"181","article-title":"The Effect of Spirulina on Anxiety in Patients With Hypertension: A Randomized Triple\u2010Blind Placebo\u2010Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"7","author":"Far Z. 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