{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T17:06:19Z","timestamp":1792515979029,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The association between habitual dietary nutrient intake and the risk of late\u2010stage progression of cardiovascular\u2013kidney\u2013metabolic (CKM) syndrome among individuals with accelerated aging remains insufficiently understood. Data were obtained from seven cycles (2005\u20132018) of the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Six machine learning models were developed to predict late\u2010stage CKM progression. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and Local Interpretable Model\u2010Agnostic Explanations (LIME) were applied to quantify the relative contributions of individual dietary nutrients to disease risk. Among the evaluated machine learning models, LightGBM and Random Forest demonstrated the highest predictive performance. Time\u2010series validation further indicated stable model performance across survey cycles. SHAP analysis showed that, when demographic characteristics and dietary intake were jointly incorporated, the strongest negative contributors to late\u2010stage CKM risk were vitamin B12 (0.011), selenium (0.009), sodium (0.008), moisture (0.008), vitamin B6 (0.008), and vitamin E (0.007). When analyses were restricted to dietary nutrients alone, the leading negative contributors were moisture (0.0597), sodium (0.0368), caffeine (0.0251), niacin (0.0192), vitamin D (0.0191), selenium (0.0188), vitamin B12 (0.0177), and lutein + zeaxanthin (0.0166). Dietary nutrient mixtures are inversely associated with the risk of late\u2010stage CKM progression in individuals with accelerated aging. LightGBM and Random Forest models achieved superior predictive accuracy. Selenium, sodium, and moisture emerged as prominent protective contributors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T05:25:13Z","timestamp":1771392313000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Interpretable Prediction of Late\u2010Stage\n                    <scp>CKM<\/scp>\n                    Syndrome Association From Dietary Nutrients in Accelerated Aging Using\n                    <scp>SHAP<\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>LIME<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hongxiang","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meijie","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanying","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mo","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7824-5943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuehui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.6892"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","first-page":"2222","article-title":"What Is Machine Learning? A Primer for the Epidemiologist","volume":"188","author":"Bi Q.","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000611"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-025-06516-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-025-01195-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000445959"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.1156"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005925"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2024.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15245116"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","first-page":"S181","article-title":"An Overview of Cardiovascular\u2010Kidney\u2010Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Ferdinand K. C.","year":"2024","journal-title":"American Journal of Managed Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0675-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-025-01175-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14040831"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpu028"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases4030028"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15133060"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14030484"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.09.619"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","article-title":"Effect of Vitamin B6, B9, and B12 Supplementation on Homocysteine Level and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Stroke Patients: A Meta\u2010Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"13","author":"Kataria N.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gls233"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101414"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.125124"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1811403"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1809944"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpt139"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30467-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114521004682"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","article-title":"Efficacy of Vitamin and Antioxidant Supplements in Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials","volume":"346","author":"Myung S. K.","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research Ed)"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-019-0767-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001184"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71059"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42000-019-00125-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/865179"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2023.102344"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.5012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03570-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17111783"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1263853"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000066"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaf057"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-025-02855-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2024.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.102369"}],"container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.71547","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/fsn3.71547","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.71547","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:22:49Z","timestamp":1790688169000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/fsn3.71547"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/fsn3.71547"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.71547","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-7177","2048-7177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-7177","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-7177","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71547"}}