{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T23:10:23Z","timestamp":1789168223615,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015747","name":"University Grants Commission of Bangladesh","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BMK\/Scholarship\/Research\/College\u20105\/Ph.D\/2018\/710"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMK\/Scholarship\/Research\/College\u20105\/Ph.D\/2018\/710"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015747","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016172","name":"Jashore University of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JUST\/Research Cell\u2010112\/FoBST\u201005\/2022\u201023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JUST\/Research Cell\u2010112\/FoBST\u201005\/2022\u201023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016172","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007225","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MoST\/2020\u201021\/BS\u2010278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MoST\/2020\u201021\/BS\u2010278"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007225","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The Chakma indigenous community in Bangladesh traditionally uses\n                    <jats:italic>Allophylus villosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Mycetia sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    as wild food plants with therapeutic benefits against diabetes, pain, and other ailments. This study evaluates their nutritional properties, anti\u2010nutritional factors, heavy metal content, and cytotoxicity to assess their potential as functional foods and pharmacological agents. Leaves of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. villosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and aerial parts of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>M. sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    were shade\u2010dried, powdered, and sequentially extracted with n\u2010hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. Macronutrient profiling revealed high protein (12.72717%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.00010% in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. villosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), dietary fiber (37.19%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.06% in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>M. sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), and safe levels of phytic and oxalic acids. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that toxic heavy metals were below detectable limits across all solvent extracts. Cytotoxicity was assessed using brine shrimp lethality bioassays, which categorized ethanol extracts as moderately toxic (LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    : 174.5\u2013331.9\u2009\u03bcg\/mL), while n\u2010hexane and ethyl acetate fractions were non\u2010toxic. Vero cell line assays demonstrated &gt;\u200995% viability, indicating strong cytocompatibility. Statistical analyses included triplicate experiments, with results expressed as mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD and significance evaluated by one\u2010way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD post hoc test. Overall,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. villosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>M. sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    may have potential as safe, nutrient\u2010rich candidates for future functional food and ethno\u2010pharmacological applications, pending further in\u00a0vivo validation. Their sustainable use could contribute to improved dietary diversity, plant\u2010based health solutions, and biodiversity preservation, aligning with broader goals of nutrition and ecological resilience.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T09:41:40Z","timestamp":1772962900000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Edible Potential of\n                    <i>Allophylus villosus<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Mycetia sinensis<\/i>\n                    for Sustainable Functional Food Development"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4543-8028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Nur Kabidul","family":"Azam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Jashore University of Science and Technology  Jashore Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4863-0402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Nasir","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering University of Development Alternative  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Rafiqul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytical Laboratory, Lab Right Bangladesh Limited  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Iqbal","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Technology Jashore University of Science and Technology  Jashore Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1787-1171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Shahedur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Jahangirnagar University  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9122-1129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Nazmul","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Jashore University of Science and Technology  Jashore Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2014.14305"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2020.598219"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.615147"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","volume-title":"AOAC International Official Methods of Analysis","author":"AOAC International","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tfp.2023.100453"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/741712"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118695"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2023.101884"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00769\u2010010\u20100677\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2024.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"664","article-title":"The Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Biological Properties of Allophylus Species Used in Traditional Medicine: A Review","volume":"5","author":"Chavan R. 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