{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:14:23Z","timestamp":1791951263609,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is prevalent in chronic inflammatory disorders and has been implicated in cardiopulmonary diseases. This study investigated whether VD, as a nutritional factor, modulates inflammatory and mitochondrial homeostasis in experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) models and explored mechanisms with potential relevance to connective tissue disease\u2013associated PAH (CTD\u2010PAH). A monocrotaline\u2010induced rat model and PDGF\u2010BB\/hypoxia\u2013treated pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used. Hemodynamics, right ventricular remodeling, and vascular structure were assessed by catheterization and histology. Inflammatory cytokines, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis were evaluated by Enzyme\u2010Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), JC\u20101, ROS, ATP assays, and related protein analyses. Western blot, quantitative real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction (qRT\u2010PCR), PARP1 activity, and co\u2010immunoprecipitation were performed to examine NF\u2010\u03baB regulation via the Hes1\u2010PARP1 axis and TNFAIP3. VD supplementation improved pulmonary hemodynamics, reduced right ventricular hypertrophy, and attenuated pulmonary vascular remodeling. In PASMCs, VD suppressed abnormal proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and restored mitochondrial homeostasis. Mechanistically, VD downregulated the Hes1\u2010PARP1 axis while upregulating TNFAIP3, leading to inhibition of NF\u2010\u03baB activation and inflammatory signaling. VD modulates inflammatory and mitochondrial homeostasis in experimental PAH models through coordinated regulation of the Hes1\u2010PARP1 axis and TNFAIP3. These findings support VD as a nutritional factor involved in modulating inflammatory and mitochondrial homeostasis during early PAH progression, and provide mechanistic support for VD\u2010related nutritional strategies with relevance to CTD\u2010PAH\u2013associated pulmonary vascular remodeling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T05:07:49Z","timestamp":1773378469000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Vitamin D Attenuates Inflammation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Experimental Models Relevant to Connective Tissue Disease\u2013Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4056-2644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yansheng","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Immunology Suzhou Wuzhong People's Hospital  Suzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1165-575X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaoqi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Central Laboratory Suzhou Wuzhong People's Hospital  Suzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1652-4422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department Suzhou Wuzhong People's Hospital  Suzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7391-0055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Yinshanhu Hospital  Suzhou Jiangsu Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2911-7814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaozhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Immunology Children's Hospital of Soochow University  Suzhou Jiangsu Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvae088.187"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2024.100032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890\u2010019\u20101011\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020448"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11060795"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201078380\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102695"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pul2.12350"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565\u2010021\u201009629\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465\u20109921\u201012\u2010128"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1070808"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2022.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479\u20105876\u201012\u201039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnae009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010025\u201002495\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0306426"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753\u2010025\u201002247\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112137\u201020240401\u201000742"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood\u20102009\u201012\u2010253419"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lockett A. D. A.Snow P.Adogamhe et\u00a0al.2025. \u201cThe Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response and Metabolic Reprogramming Promote PASMC Proliferation in Response to Sphingosine Kinase\u20101\/Sphingosine\u20101\u2010Phosphate Signaling.\u201dbioRxiv.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.06.10.658872.","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.06.10.658872"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neelakantan S. E. A.Mendiola B.Zambrano et\u00a0al.2024. \u201cDissecting Contributions of Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling to Right Ventricular Afterload in Pulmonary Hypertension.\u201dbioRxiv.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.08.18.608471.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.08.18.608471"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14201621"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcchd.2024.100513"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020372"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12010053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2023.102200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2022.109246"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2022.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100669"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2024.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180615"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.124.323660"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.2023.38.S1.5795308"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2021.100531"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/pn9.0000000000000061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/dddt.S507656"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1374506"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2024.12.048"}],"container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.71620","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/fsn3.71620","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.71620","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T22:25:04Z","timestamp":1789165504000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/fsn3.71620"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/fsn3.71620"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.71620","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-7177","2048-7177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-7177","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-7177","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71620"}}