{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T23:10:45Z","timestamp":1789168245930,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Micronutrient deficiencies, including iron, vitamin A, and folate, remain a major public health among adolescents in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries, including Nepal. Understanding the prevalence and factors associated with deficiencies is essential for designing targeted nutrition interventions. Data from 1025 boys and 1852 girls ages 10\u201319\u2009years were extracted from the 2016 Nepal National Micronutrient Status Survey (NNMSS) to examine the prevalence and factors associated with ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), vitamin A, and red blood cell (RBC) folate status among adolescent boys and girls. All micronutrient outcomes were categorized as binary (1\u2009=\u2009if deficiency and 0 otherwise). The prevalence of RBC folate deficiency among adolescent girls was 16.2% and other micronutrient deficiencies were higher in girls compared with boys, ferritin (18.0% vs. 4.8%), sTfR (13.8% vs. 12.2%), and vitamin A (4.4% vs. 2.8%). Multivariable analysis indicated that dietary factors, region, and low and normal Body Mass Index (BMI) were significantly associated with micronutrient deficiencies. Adolescents who did not consume eggs had higher odds of iron deficiency (boys: AOR: 4.35, 95% CI: 1.24\u201315.24; girls: AOR: 3.15, 95% CI: 1.48\u20136.69). Girls from the far\u2010western region or with low and normal BMI were more likely to be iron\u2010deficient. Eastern\u2010region girls had higher odds of folate deficiency, and those not consuming nuts or seeds were more prone to vitamin A deficiency. This study found that adolescent boys and girls in Nepal experience a substantial burden of micronutrient deficiencies, with girls disproportionately affected. These findings highlight the need for sustainable and equitable adolescent nutrition programs in Nepal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T11:36:29Z","timestamp":1773228989000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Micronutrient Deficiencies in Nepalese Adolescents: National Prevalence and Associated Factors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kingsley Emwinyore","family":"Agho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Western Sydney University  Campbelltown New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences University of Johannesburg  Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"Translational Health Research Institute (THRI) Western Sydney University  Penrith New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley","family":"Chitekwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Section United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Ethiopia  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8245-2160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucy Ngaihbanglovi","family":"Pachuau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences Western Sydney University  Campbelltown New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1114-4849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biniyam","family":"Sahiledengle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital  Bale\u2010Goba Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Rijal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), United Nations (UN) House, Pulchowk  Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0807-8788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naveen","family":"Paudyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), United Nations (UN) House, Pulchowk  Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjeev Kumar","family":"Sahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), United Nations (UN) House, Pulchowk  Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6844-0833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andre","family":"Renzaho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Health Research Institute (THRI) Western Sydney University  Penrith New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16050698"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21070875"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2005851"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980016003608"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1179562X17745088"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000371618"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anemia Among Adolescents in Denizli, Turkey","volume":"22","author":"Balc\u0131 Y. 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