{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:08:34Z","timestamp":1790863714639,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":223,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The concept of \u201cOne Health\u201d has developed an inimitable bond between humans and plants, and from the dawn of humankind, plants have been consumed for both food and medicine. The use of plant\u2010based products has increased due to their health\u2010promoting potential, owing to nutritional composition and rich phytochemistry. The current review focuses on medicinal properties, safety studies, and effective applications of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Thymus serpyllum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , thymol, and carvacrol. For this, databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were utilized, along with several relevant keywords. The studies showed that\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Thymus serpyllum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , a member of the genus thyme, is native to hilly regions and has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. Thymol and carvacrol are key bioactive compounds; moreover, \u03b2\u2010caryophyllene, \u03b3\u2010terpinene, \u03b1\u2010thujene, linalool, gallic acid, naringin, and rutin are other phytochemicals of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>T. serpyllum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , providing antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti\u2010inflammatory, anticancer, and antidiabetic properties. Furthermore, thymol and carvacrol are involved in immunomodulation, hepatorenal protection, cardiopulmonary protection, and the mitigation of neurodegenerative disorders. These therapeutic potentials are attributed to an improved antioxidant system, reduced IL\u20106, IL\u20101\u03b2, TNF\u2010\u03b1, NO, and modulation of signaling pathways (PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR\/NF\u2010\u03baB, Ras\/MAPK). Both compounds have proved safe. However, thymol &gt;\u20091000\u2009mg\/kg and carvacrol &gt;\u20092480\u2009mg\/kg proved toxic in animal studies. The applications of thymol and carvacrol make them suitable choices for pharmaceutics, food technologists, veterinarians, and industrialists.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T11:50:22Z","timestamp":1776426622000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Phytochemistry and Bioactivities of Thymol and Carvacrol: Molecular Pathways, Metabolism, and Therapeutic Insights"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ahmad Mujtaba","family":"Noman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Bahauddin Zakariya University  Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Tauseef","family":"Sultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Bahauddin Zakariya University  Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1737-5920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farhang Hameed","family":"Awlqadr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Science and Quality Control, Halabja Technical College Sulaimani Polytechnic University  Sulaymaniyah Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0470-756X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassan","family":"Raza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Bahauddin Zakariya University  Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shehnshah","family":"Zafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Bahauddin Zakariya University  Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aimen","family":"Mazhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Bahauddin Zakariya University  Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duaa","family":"Tariq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Bahauddin Zakariya University  Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammed Noori","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Analysis and Health, Kifri Technical College Garmian Polytechnic University  Kifri Sulaimaniyah Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaled","family":"Arab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture University of Tabriz  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_24_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2016.1220393"},{"key":"e_1_2_24_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-31891-3"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_24_4_1","article-title":"Anti\u2010Cancer Study of Carvacrol in Hypoxic\u2010Induced Colorectal Cancer Cell","volume":"8","author":"Abed A. 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