{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:40:12Z","timestamp":1792194012600,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study evaluated the effects of partially replacing roasted soybean meal (RSBM) with a locally processed dried blood\u2013rumen content mixture (DBRCM) in broiler diets on growth performance and economic efficiency. A total of 200 SASSO\u2010C44 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of graded inclusion levels of DBRCM (0%, 20%, 40%, and 60%) and a commercial feed used as a control. During the starter phase, dry matter intake (DMI) and body weight gain (BWG) declined significantly as the level of DBRCM in the diet increased (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Birds fed higher DBRCM inclusion levels (T3 and T4) recorded significantly lower mean daily DMI (33.92 and 33.17\u2009g\/bird, respectively) compared with those receiving the control and lower inclusion diets (T1: 37.05\u2009g\/bird; T5: 37.45\u2009g\/bird). A similar trend was observed for final body weight, which decreased from 771.5\u2009g in T1 to 732.3\u2009g in T3, with a slight improvement in T5. However, over the entire 56\u2010day experimental period, final body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and overall performance index did not differ significantly among treatments (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2265\u20090.05). Economic analysis showed that diets containing 40% and 60% DBRCM significantly reduced feed cost per kilogram of weight gain, net revenue, and overall economic efficiency (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Overall, the findings indicate that DBRCM can serve as a viable and low\u2010cost alternative protein source in broiler production, contributing to improved sustainability without compromising overall productivity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T05:17:33Z","timestamp":1774415853000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Growth Performance and Economic Efficiency of\n                    <scp>SASSO<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>C44<\/scp>\n                    Broilers Fed on Diets Containing Varying Levels of Dried Blood\u2013Rumen Mixture as a Substitute for Roasted Soybean Meal"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7247-0446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soressa","family":"Shuma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science University of South Africa  Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"Department Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Dambi Dollo University  Dambi Dollo Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Demissu Hundie","family":"Senbeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shambu Campus Wollega University  Shambu Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malatji Dikeledi","family":"Petunia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science University of South Africa  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1066898"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2406536"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta S. S.Rahnama S.Pandey N.Crooks andM.Sadoghi.2023.\u201cDissecting BFT Consensus: In Trusted Components we Trust!\u201dProceedings of the 18th European Conference on Computer Systems EuroSys. 521\u2013539.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3552326.3587455.","DOI":"10.1145\/3552326.3587455"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Feed Intake, Nutrient Utilization and Microbial Protein Production in Local Male Lambs Fed Noni Seed (Morinda citrifolia)","volume":"16","author":"Karim M. H.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar N. andR.Srivastava.2025. \u201cArtificial Intelligence in Digital Health: Opportunities Challenges and Future.\u201d4 no.4:1\u201319.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53388\/BMEC2025026.Executive.","DOI":"10.53388\/http:\/\/doi.org\/10.53388\/BMEC2025026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","unstructured":"Liu X. X.Min A.Mahmoudi\u2010aznaveh et\u00a0al.2024.\u201cNTIRE 2024 Quality Assessment of AI\u2010Generated Content Challenge.\u201d6337\u20136362."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44187\u2010024\u201000206\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70360"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010025\u201003619\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21162\/PAKJAS\/23.220"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","unstructured":"Roccabruna G. O.Khomyn andG.Riccardi.2026.\u201cMATEO: A Multimodal Benchmark for Temporal Reasoning and Planning in LVLMs.\u201dhttp:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2602.14589."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2303379"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2021.2025161"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499\u2010024\u201001806\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70796"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00439339.2024.2403365"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010025\u201090582\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","unstructured":"Vasluianu F. A. T.Seizinger Z.Zhou et\u00a0al.2024.\u201cNTIRE 2024 Image Shadow Removal Challenge Report.\u201dIEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops. 6547\u20136570."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1492811"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/vmrr.s367040"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pan3.70022"}],"container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.71678","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/fsn3.71678","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.71678","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T22:23:29Z","timestamp":1789165409000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/fsn3.71678"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/fsn3.71678"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.71678","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-7177","2048-7177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-7177","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-7177","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71678"}}