{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:06:43Z","timestamp":1790172403936,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in Enterobacteriaceae and\n                    <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. within agricultural environments represents a growing global health concern. Vegetables have been increasingly recognized as reservoirs of multidrug\u2010resistant (MDR) pathogens. The study aimed to detect ARGs in Enterobacteriaceae and\n                    <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. from vegetable market chains and assess the clonal relationship of isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted for a total of 170 isolates obtained from vegetables, irrigation water, and soil samples, and ARGs were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Conjugation assay was conducted, and genetic relatedness among bacterial isolates was assessed by ERIC\u2010PCR at a 70% similarity cut\u2010off. High resistance rate was observed to sulfamethoxazole\/trimethoprim (34.0%) and cefepime (28.8%). Phenotypically, 23.5% (40\/170) of isolates were extended spectrum\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010lactamase (ESBL) producers and from meropenem resistance isolates 60% (6\/10) were carbapenemase producers. Genes encoding for broad\u2010spectrum\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010lactamases were detected in 30% (12\/40) tested isolates, including those from irrigation water (50%; 3\/6), vegetables (30.7%; 8\/26) and soil (12.5%; 1\/8) samples. Carbapenemase genes were detected in carbapenem resistant isolates from irrigation water (80%; 4\/5) and vegetable (40%; 2\/5) samples. The most prevalent\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010lactamase genes identified were\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    CTX\u2010M and AmpC (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095 each),\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    SHV (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092), and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    TEM (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091). Among carbapenemase genes\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    NDM (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20096) was frequently detected, and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    KPC and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    VIM in a single isolate each. A\n                    <jats:italic>sul1<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene was identified in 33.3% of isolates from vegetable and 15.3% of those from irrigation water. Four transconjugants were detected and successfully transferred resistance genes with conjugation frequency ranging from 1.48\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>\n                    to 3.3\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>\n                    out of 15 tested. ERIC\u2010PCR revealed diverse clonal lineages, although\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>K. aerogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    isolates from vegetables and irrigation water displayed close genetic similarity (100%, 70%, and 78%), respectively. This study provided the first evidence of diverse\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010lactamases and carbapenemase\u2010producing Enterobacteriaceae in Ethiopian vegetable market chains. These findings highlight the need for continued surveillance and improved food safety measures to mitigate potential public health risks posed by antimicrobial\u2010resistant pathogens in the food supply chain.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T04:47:18Z","timestamp":1776055638000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antimicrobial\u2010Resistance Genetic Markers Among Multidrug\u2010Resistant Enterobacteriaceae and\n                    <i>Acinetobacter<\/i>\n                    spp. From Vegetable Market Chains in Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0361-5067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hemen","family":"Tesfaye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Sciences and Genetics Addis Ababa University  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6431-7363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adey Feleke","family":"Desta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Sciences and Genetics Addis Ababa University  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3762-0812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahu","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Karadeniz Technical University  Trabzon T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1622-7480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mine","family":"Egin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Karadeniz Technical University  Trabzon T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3665-6584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osman Birol","family":"Ozgumus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Recep Tayyip Erdogan University  Rize T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neslihan","family":"Akarsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science Karadeniz Technical University  Trabzon T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6273-1536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mujib","family":"Abdulkadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Sciences and Genetics Addis Ababa University  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9695-8576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haile","family":"Alemayehu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aklilu Lemma Institute of Health Research Addis Ababa University  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6686-2370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadesse","family":"Eguale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aklilu Lemma Institute of Health Research Addis Ababa University  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"},{"name":"Ohio State Global One Health  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5506-0866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Osman","family":"Kilic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Karadeniz Technical University  Trabzon 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