{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T12:12:09Z","timestamp":1789992729758,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004305","name":"Shahroud University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["14030041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14030041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004305","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study conducted a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of radionuclide concentrations of Cesium\u2010137 (Cs\u2010137), Cesium\u2010134 (Cs\u2010134), Iodine\u2010131 (I\u2010131), Lead\u2010210 (Pb\u2010210), and Potassium\u201040 (K\u201040) in milk worldwide, along with an assessment of human health risks, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Pooled radionuclide concentrations were estimated using a random\u2010effects model, while excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) was calculated to evaluate carcinogenic effects using the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) model. A comprehensive search of Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science identified 66 papers (200 data reports, 2000\u20132025) that cover milk samples from 32 countries. The global pooled mean concentrations (Bq\/L) followed the order: K\u201040: 57.494\u2009&gt;\u2009Cs\u2010137: 0.904\u2009&gt;\u2009I\u2010131: 0.301\u2009&gt;\u2009Pb\u2010210: 0.136\u2009&gt;\u2009Cs\u2010134: 0.032. Extreme concentrations were observed in the United Kingdom (Cs\u2010137: 288.000), Syria (I\u2010131: 76.000; K\u201040: 243.500), and India (Pb\u2010210: 1.080), whereas Mali (Cs\u2010137: 0.003) and Algeria (K\u201040: 2.349) showed the lowest levels. Probabilistic human health risk assessments revealed that the mean cancer risk (CR) for adults from Cs\u2010137 ingestion exceeded the acceptable limit (1E\u20104) in the United Kingdom, Austria, South Korea, Serbia, the Czech Republic, Germany, Kazakhstan, and Iceland. For Cs\u2010134, the CR in Finland and France remained below the limit. The CR from K\u201040 exceeded the limit in Spain, Syria, Bangladesh, Mali, Iraq, Singapore, Thailand, Japan, Italy, and Turkey. For I\u2010131, the limit was exceeded in Syria, Romania, Greece, and Spain. The CR of Pb\u2010210 exceeded the limit in Tunisia, Slovenia, India, the Czech Republic, Italy, and Syria. These disparities reflect variations in environmental contamination, nuclear legacy, and regulatory standards. The results highlight the necessity for strict monitoring, especially in high\u2010risk areas, and promote enhanced agricultural practices and food safety policies to reduce radionuclide exposure through milk consumption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T07:00:07Z","timestamp":1779346807000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Radionuclides in Milk: A Global Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis and Probabilistic Human Risk Assessment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3579-7641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yadolah","family":"Fakhri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Health Research Center Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences  Bandar Abbas Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeinab","family":"Gholami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Environment Research Center Ilam University of Medical Sciences  Ilam Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga A.","family":"Malanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2701-888X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farshid","family":"Soleimani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tobacco and Health Research Center Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences  Bandar Abbas Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seid Kamal","family":"Ghadiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental and Occupational Health Research Center Shahroud University of Medical Sciences  Shahroud Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Gharepour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Public Health Shahroud University of Medical Sciences  Shahroud Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moayed","family":"Adiban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Environment Research Center Ilam University of Medical Sciences  Ilam Iran"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health Ilam University of Medical Science  Ilam Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansour","family":"Sarafraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental and Occupational Health Research Center Shahroud University of Medical Sciences  Shahroud Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/nct003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-009-0225-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphy.2020.00234"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Investigating the Potential of Fourier Transform Mid\u2010Infrared Spectroscopy Combined With Chemometrics for Detecting Camel's Milk Adulteration","volume":"36","author":"Alia O. A. E.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Italian Journal of Food Science\/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Degli Alimenti"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"183","volume-title":"Codex Alimentarius Milk and Milk Products. CODEX STAN 243\u20132003","author":"Alimentarius C.","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"66","article-title":"Replacing Milk Fat With Pumpkin Seed Oil in Yogurt","volume":"37","author":"Alshawi A. 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