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In a murine \u201ctwo\u2010hit\u201d sepsis model, EBN and SA significantly enhanced survival, ameliorated multi\u2010organ damage, and reduced bacterial dissemination. Crucially, they reversed immunosuppression by restoring the TNF\u2010\u03b1\u2010secreting capacity of immune cells. Proteomic and KEGG analyses identified T cell proliferation as a central mechanism, which was validated by CFSE assay. Furthermore, we demonstrated that this enhanced T cell proliferation is mediated through the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway. This study reveals that EBN and SA are promising immune\u2010enhancing agents against sepsis\u2010induced immunosuppression, offering a novel therapeutic strategy for secondary infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T15:15:30Z","timestamp":1779117330000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interventional Effects of Edible Bird's Nest or Sialic Acids on Sepsis\u2010Induced Immunosuppression in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7425-6410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shentang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha Hunan 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