{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T12:11:57Z","timestamp":1789992717558,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>School feeding programs (SFPs) are widely recognized as critical interventions for addressing child malnutrition, food insecurity, and poor school attendance. In Monduli district, Tanzania, where pastoralist livelihoods are vulnerable to recurrent climatic stressors, understanding factors shaping SFP effectiveness is essential for sustainability. A community\u2010based cross\u2010sectional study was conducted among 163 households with children enrolled in two primary schools, with one implementing an SFP (Naitolia Primary School) and one without (Mswakini Juu Primary School). Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi\u2010square tests, logistic regression, and good use of spatial mapping as a method. Awareness of the school feeding program was universal (100%) in the study area. Participation differed sharply by school, with all households from Naitolia Primary School participating in the program and none from Mswakini Juu Primary School, reflecting school\u2010level implementation differences. Household size and daily meal frequency significantly predicted participation and reported challenges. Spatial analysis showed higher participation in high\u2010altitude areas compared to low\u2010altitude areas (86.0% vs. 26.7%). Economic constraints and climate\u2010related shocks were the most frequently reported barriers (73.6%). Although perceived benefits were high, 80% of respondents expressed concern about the program's long\u2010term sustainability. SFPs in Monduli are highly valued, but sustainability is threatened by economic and geographic barriers. Integration of school gardens and stronger government support could enhance sustainability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:51:54Z","timestamp":1777445514000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Community Factors for School Feeding Program Effectiveness in Monduli, Tanzania: A Community Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2980-2632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jovin","family":"Binamungu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Sokoine University of Agriculture  Morogoro Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0412-7984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marycrister Aristarick","family":"Uisso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Sokoine University of Agriculture  Morogoro Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8479-3826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rashid","family":"Suleiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Agro\u2010Processing College of Engineering Sokoine University of Agriculture  Morogoro Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharadhuli","family":"Kimera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Sokoine University of Agriculture  Morogoro Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1596\/978-0-8213-7974-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su10020456"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"Chaula M.2015.\u201cThe Impact of School Feeding Programs on School Enrolment Attendance and Performance in Njombe District Tanzania.\u201dUnpublished Master's thesis. University of Dodoma."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Integrating Cultural and Safety Considerations in School Feeding Programs","volume":"14","author":"Cupertino S. D.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrition and Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2017.01.001"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"150","article-title":"Sustainability Challenges in School Feeding Programs: Evidence From Ethiopia","volume":"7","author":"Haile G.","year":"2019","journal-title":"African Journal of Educational Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753\u20104887.2010.00359.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/665442"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Resource Constraints and Sustainability of School Feeding Programs in Tanzania","volume":"10","author":"Nemes N.","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"The Role of Community Participation in Sustainable Development Projects","volume":"1","author":"Oino P. G.","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Social Sciences and Project Planning Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572120977736"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"Sustainability of Integrated School\u2010Based Health Services in Low\u2010Income Countries","volume":"19","author":"Rosen L. M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Systems Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13544"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Effectiveness of School Feeding Programs on Student Retention and Performance in Tanzania: A Case Study of Dodoma Region","volume":"3","author":"Sanya R.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Education Research Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","unstructured":"School Feeding Initiative.2022.\u201cCountry Case Study: Tanzania.\u201dSchool Meals Coalition."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2013.08.013"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","first-page":"190","article-title":"Impact of School Feeding Programs on Health Outcomes in Developing Countries","volume":"45","author":"Wang D.","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Public Health"}],"container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.71839","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/fsn3.71839","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.71839","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T11:35:18Z","timestamp":1789990518000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/fsn3.71839"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/fsn3.71839"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.71839","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-7177","2048-7177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-7177","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-7177","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71839"}}