{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:02:29Z","timestamp":1790172149906,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion and\/or action. Conventional therapies are often limited by side effects, highlighting the need for alternative treatments. Natural products have gained interest as promising therapeutic agents.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Spondias tuberosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    Arruda (umbu), traditionally used in Brazilian folk medicine, exhibits pharmacological potential against metabolic diseases. This study evaluated organoprotective and antioxidant effects of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>S.\u2009tuberosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    extract (ExSt) in streptozotocin (STZ)\u2010induced diabetic rats through clinical, biochemical, histopathological evaluations, as well as analysis of oxidative stress\u2010related markers. Fifty\u2010two Wistar rats were divided into five groups: CT (nondiabetic control), DM (diabetic), EX (nondiabetic\u2009+\u2009ExSt), DMEX (diabetic\u2009+\u2009ExSt), and DMIN (diabetic\u2009+\u2009insulin). Diabetes was induced by STZ (50\u2009mg\/kg, i.p.), and treatments with ExSt (500\u2009mg\/kg, orally) or NPH insulin (10\u2009IU, s.c.) were administered for 30\u2009days. Diabetic rats exhibited hyperglycemia, polyphagia, polydipsia, weight loss, and increased transaminases (AST, ALT), along with hepatic and pancreatic alterations. Treatment with ExSt moderately reduced AST and ALT levels, strongly preserved pancreatic morphology, and attenuated hepatic glycogen depletion by 50% despite the maintenance of hyperglycemia. Additionally, ExSt downregulated TGF\u2010\u03b21 and TGF\u2010\u03b22 expression and modulated oxidative stress\u2010related enzymes, indicating antioxidant and antifibrotic mechanisms. These findings demonstrate that\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>S.\u2009tuberosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    extract mitigates hepatic and pancreatic injury in experimental diabetes through modulation of oxidative enzymes and TGF\u2010\u03b2 signaling, supporting its potential as a natural therapeutic alternative derived from Brazil's biodiversity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T09:52:28Z","timestamp":1783072348000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mitigation of Hepatic and Pancreatic Injury by\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Spondias tuberosa<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Extract Through Oxidative Enzyme Modulation and\n                    <scp>TGF<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\u03b2 Downregulation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Vit\u00f3ria Nat\u00e1lia Ferreira","family":"de Sena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte  Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cec\u00edlia Paulino Cassiano","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte  Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Let\u00edcia Alves Borges e","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte  Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludmila Thain\u00e1 Chaves","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte  Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raimundo Fernandes de Ara\u00fajo","family":"J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte  Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bento Jo\u00e3o","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte  Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Islania Giselia Albuquerque","family":"Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Federal University of Para\u00edba  Jo\u00e3o Pessoa Para\u00edba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isac Almeida","family":"de Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Federal University of Para\u00edba  Jo\u00e3o Pessoa Para\u00edba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno Raniere Lins de Albuquerque","family":"Meireles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Agro\u2010Food Science and Technology Federal University of Campina Grande  Campina Grande Para\u00edba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael Andre","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology and Genetics Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1796-9577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego Dias","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology and Genetics Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiane Damas","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology and Genetics Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7784-0740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina Carla de Paula","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte  Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101\u2010021\u201009757\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.09.133"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103720"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25\u2010S002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8080261"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.08.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0001\u20103765201620160041"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.40.4.405"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310672"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2007.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102\u201086502003001100009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115663"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","volume-title":"Dados Epidemiol\u00f3gicos do Diabetes Mellitus no Brasil","author":"Pittito A. B.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8120646"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2001\u20100039"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00354"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/APhysiol.101.2014.4.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.223545"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23010105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14670\/HH\u201029.1305"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2024.2333440"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.996716"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.155937"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","volume-title":"2025 Diabetes Atlas","author":"International Diabetes Federation","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2018.0052"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb45070343"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v7.i17.354"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864\u2010025\u201011760\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18295\/squmj.2016.16.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23893\/1307\u20102080.APS.0555"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00029.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00063.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2010.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.3.581"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463\u20101326.2006.00686.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441\u2010001\u20100479\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.3738"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098\u2010019\u20100403\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00586"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.784211"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7095365"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12590"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010020\u201060785\u2010x"}],"container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.71846","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/fsn3.71846","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.71846","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:16:44Z","timestamp":1790169404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/fsn3.71846"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/fsn3.71846"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.71846","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-7177","2048-7177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-7177","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-7177","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71846"}}