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It involves peripheral disturbances related to energy depletion, metabolite accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, together with central changes involving neuroendocrine networks and the gut\u2013brain axis. In this review, we synthesize evidence from nutritional interventions and acupuncture\u2010based strategies and outline a conceptual mechanistic framework relevant to EIF management. Nutritional approaches include macronutrient manipulation, vitamins, plant\u2010derived polyphenols and polysaccharides, traditional herbal extracts, probiotics, and fermented products. Acupuncture, electroacupuncture (EA), and transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) have been associated with regulation of autonomic function and hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis activity, modulation of pain and affective circuits, and changes in skeletal muscle perfusion, mitochondrial function, and antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory signaling. We highlight partially overlapping biological targets, including the AMPK\/PGC\u20101\u03b1 axis, Nrf2 and NF\u2010\u03baB signaling pathways, and cytokine networks, and propose a conceptual model in which nutritional interventions are primarily linked to substrate availability and redox support, whereas acupuncture\u2010based strategies are primarily linked to neuroendocrine and inflammatory regulation, with both being associated with mitochondrial function and recovery\u2010related processes. Current evidence is limited by protocol heterogeneity, small sample sizes, sparse mechanistic biomarker profiling, and a predominance of animal studies. We therefore outline priorities for multi\u2010arm randomized controlled trials, standardization of EA\/TEAS parameters, multi\u2010omics integration, and the development of individualized prescription models. Shared mechanistic features between nutritional and acupuncture\u2010based interventions may inform future hypothesis\u2010driven studies of EIF; however, whether combined use provides additive or synergistic clinical benefit remains unproven and requires rigorous validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T09:32:43Z","timestamp":1778837563000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nutritional Interventions and Acupuncture\u2010Based Strategies for Exercise\u2010Induced Fatigue and Recovery: Mechanisms and Integrative Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yaqin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Medicine Health Care Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College  Guangzhou Guangdong 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