{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T21:21:14Z","timestamp":1787606474870,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The 2023 Alzheimer's Disease International report warns that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an escalating global challenge, with estimates suggesting more than 150\u2009million cases worldwide by 2050 and about 13.8\u2009million in the United States by 2060. AD is often linked with cholinergic dysfunction and increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, exacerbated by chronic neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. This study investigates the potential of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Aeginetia indica<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    whole plant methanolic extract (AiME) and its phytochemicals as natural AChE inhibitors (AChEIs) for AD management. AiME (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u2009176.586\u2009\u00b1\u20095.96\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) exhibited moderate, dose\u2010dependent antioxidant activity compared to standard ascorbic acid (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200938.866\u2009\u00b1\u200910.059\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) in the DPPH antioxidant assay. The other two antioxidant assays, reducing power activity (RPA) and ferric\u2010reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), also followed a similar trend (AiME: EC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u2009358.249\u2009\u00b1\u200916.605\u2009\u03bcg\/mL, EC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200939.467\u2009\u00b1\u20099.046\u2009\u03bcg\/mL), respectively, compared to standard ascorbic acid (Std: EC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200953.778\u2009\u00b1\u20090.624\u2009\u03bcg\/mL, Std: EC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200948.986\u2009\u00b1\u20090.512\u2009\u03bcg\/mL). AiME at all doses showed significant inhibition (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) of paw edema in animals (in vivo) compared to the negative control group. Notably, AiME displayed better AChE inhibitory activity (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.636\u2009\u00b1\u20090.067\u2009mg\/mL) compared to standard rivastigmine (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20092.344\u2009\u00b1\u20090.151\u2009mg\/mL) in the acetylcholinesterase assay. LCMS\/MS analysis identified 16 phenolic compounds, and GCMS analysis revealed 23 phytoconstituents in AiME. Molecular docking studies revealed acteoside, acacetin, and luteolin as promising leads, exhibiting favorable binding affinities and hydrogen bond interactions with the AChE active site. The structural stability and rigidity of our top two lead compounds, acteoside and acacetin, were evaluated using 100\u2009ns molecular dynamics simulations, where they exhibited lower root mean square deviation values, with the acteoside\u2010AChE complex ranging from 0.1 to 0.35\u2009nm and the acacetin\u2010AChE complex ranging from 0.1 to 0.4\u2009nm, indicating notable stability. This study highlights the potential of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A.\u2009indica<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and its phenolic constituents as natural alternatives for AD management, offering a multi\u2010pronged mechanistic pathway through AChE inhibition, anti\u2010inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T10:41:18Z","timestamp":1781865678000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Potential of\n                    <i>Aeginetia indica<\/i>\n                    for Alzheimer's Disease Management: In\u00a0Vitro, In\u00a0Vivo, and Computational Insights"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Marjanur Rahman","family":"Bhuiyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science Noakhali Science and Technology University  Noakhali Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Sharif","family":"Reza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science Noakhali Science and Technology University  Noakhali Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadikur Rahman","family":"Shuvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Noakhali Science and Technology University  Sonapur Noakhali Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4090-7227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa Abdullah","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dicle University Science and Technology Research and Application Center  Diyarbakir Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Dicle University  Diyarbakir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Mumtahin Mannan","family":"Siam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science Noakhali Science and Technology University  Noakhali Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Shadman","family":"Sakib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science Noakhali Science and Technology University  Noakhali Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8006-2054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oguz","family":"Cakir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences Dicle University  Diyarbakir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Nazmul Islam","family":"Durjoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science Noakhali Science and Technology University  Noakhali Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5196-3892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abbas","family":"Tarhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Dicle University  Diyarbakir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4674-7009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuraniye","family":"Eruygur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Selcuk University  Konya Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. F. 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