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Substitution models replacing dairy foods with PBDA on different levels, stratified by PBDA main ingredients as well as fortified and non\u2010fortified PBDA and resulting total daily energy and nutrient intakes as well as GHGE (kgCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    eq) and LU (m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009\u00d7\u2009year) per day were calculated using data of the dynamic cohort Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study (7676 3\u2009day weighed dietary records from 1072 participants, 3\u201318\u2009years, 52% boys). Intake of energy and most nutrients decreased significantly with increasing substitution levels. Protein intake exceeded dietary reference intakes (DRI) irrespective of substitution level; vitamin B2 and vitamin B12 fell below the DRI from 50% and 75% substitution level onwards, respectively. The decrease in protein intake was lower for soy\u2010 than for oat\u2010based PBDA. Only with 100% substitution of dairy foods with fortified PBDA did median intakes of vitamin B\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and vitamin B\n                    <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                    reach the DRI. Calcium intake decreased significantly and was well below the DRI at all substitution levels, whereas iron intake increased and almost reached the DRI at a 100% substitution level. GHGE and LU decreased significantly with the increasing degree of substitution. This study shows an improvement of indicators for environmental sustainability when substituting dairy products with PBDA and underlines the potential of fortification of PBDA to improve nutrient adequacy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T09:39:57Z","timestamp":1779529197000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Substitution of Dairy Foods With Plant\u2010Based Alternatives in German Children and Adolescents: A Modeling Analysis on Nutritional Adequacy and Environmental Sustainability Impact"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9226-4764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Hohoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences \u2010 Nutritional Epidemiology University of Bonn  Bonn\/Dortmund Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"van de Locht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences \u2010 Nutritional Epidemiology University of Bonn  Bonn\/Dortmund Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2830-6322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ines","family":"Perrar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences \u2010 Nutritional Epidemiology University of Bonn  Bonn\/Dortmund Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ute","family":"Alexy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences \u2010 Nutritional Epidemiology University of Bonn  Bonn\/Dortmund Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ute","family":"N\u00f6thlings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences \u2010 Nutritional Epidemiology University of Bonn  Bonn\/Dortmund Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051707"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9050682"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmac098"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2223\/JPED.1816"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15163664"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2021.110586"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030842"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15153393"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","volume-title":"D\u2010A\u2010CH Referenzwerte f\u00fcr die N\u00e4hrstoffzufuhr","author":"Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Ern\u00e4hrung; \u00d6sterreichische Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Ern\u00e4hrung; Schweizerische Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Ern\u00e4hrung","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114520003876"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nure.12078"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665124000132"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2014.3660"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114521002750"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082650"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665123000083"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.1809"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12123704"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394\u2010021\u201002555\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13671"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","first-page":"76","article-title":"Aktuelle Untersuchungen zeitlicher Trends und saisonaler Effekte des Jodgehaltes in Kuhmilch\u2013Untersuchungen aus Nordrhein Westfalen [Time trends and seasonal variation of iodine content in German cow's milk\u2013investigations from Northrhine\u2010Westfalia]","volume":"125","author":"Johner S. 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