{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T21:20:32Z","timestamp":1787606432505,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004202","name":"Ondokuz Mayis \u00dcniversitesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PYO.SBF.1904.17.007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PYO.SBF.1904.17.007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004202","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Obesity is a complex disorder affecting metabolism and immunity, with gut microbiota and vitamin D metabolism playing key roles. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of vitamin D supplementation and probiotics on the vitamin D receptor (VDR) levels and the gut microbiota of rats given a high\u2010fat diet as an experimental model of obesity. In this study, experimental obese rat models were used to assess the impact of vitamin D and probiotic supplements on lipid profiles, inflammation, obesity, diabetes, VDR, and gut microbiota. 24 Wistar rats (4\u20136\u2009weeks) were divided into four groups: control, high\u2010fat diet, high\u2010fat diet with probiotic supplementation (HFD\u2009+\u2009P), and high\u2010fat diet with probiotic and vitamin D supplementation (HFD\u2009+\u2009P\u2009+\u2009VD). Blood and fecal samples were collected from rats for analysis. Changes in BMI values, initial and final weights, and weight changes across all groups were found (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.018,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.006,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.023). HFD\u2009+\u2009P and HFD\u2009+\u2009P\u2009+\u2009VD showed lower levels of insulin, CRP, triglycerides, IL\u20106, HOMA\u2010IR, and leptin. Supplementing probiotics and vitamin D reduced the phylum\n                    <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes<\/jats:italic>\n                    while increasing the phyla\n                    <jats:italic>Proteobacteria, Firmicutes,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Actinobacteria.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The findings suggest that probiotics combined with vitamin D supplementation may be a promising approach for supporting the management of obesity\u2010related metabolic disorders and microbiota. Furthermore, probiotics may enhance vitamin D's effectiveness by inducing VDR expression.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T04:31:01Z","timestamp":1780374661000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Probiotic\u2010Mediated Vitamin D Supplementation Improves the Gut Microbiota and Vitamin D Receptor Composition in Obese Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9068-3081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00fcl Eda","family":"K\u0131l\u0131n\u00e7","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Ondokuz May\u0131s University  Samsun Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9461-6428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehtap \u00dcnl\u00fc","family":"S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Ondokuz May\u0131s University  Samsun 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