{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T04:53:07Z","timestamp":1791003187875,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Royal jelly has received interest as a functional food. Consumers are interested in functional foods, particularly from natural sources. Royal jelly's protein and 10\u2010hydroxy\u20102\u2010decenoic acid content and biological activities are affected by a number of factors. This study aimed to evaluate the protein and 10\u2010hydroxy\u20102\u2010decenoic acid content, in\u00a0vitro antibacterial, antidiabetic properties, and bioaccessibility of royal jelly collected at 72 and 144\u2009h after larval grafting; and were examined using standard methods\n                    <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Royal jelly collected at the 72\u2009h showed higher protein (12.99%) and 10\u2010hydroxy\u20102\u2010decenoic acid (3.39%) content. The bioaccessibility of protein and 10\u2010hydroxy\u20102\u2010decenoic acid content in royal jelly in the gastric stage was found to be lower compared to intestinal stage for both 72 and 144\u2009h. The inhibitory concentration (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) was highest against\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (33.15%), while the lowest potency was observed in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (50.10%) at 72\u2009h. The high IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    potency was found at 144\u2009h in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (49.09%), and the lowest was in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (63.25%). The maximal inhibition of \u03b1\u2010amylase (75.33%) and \u03b1\u2010glucosidase (75.93%) was observed to have significant difference (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in royal jelly collected at 72\u2009h. For royal jelly collected at 72 and 144\u2009h, the IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values of \u03b1\u2010amylase were 24.70% and 33.87%, respectively, while the IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values of \u03b1\u2010glucosidase were 2.81% and 12.27%. Therefore, royal jelly collected at 72\u2009h possesses high protein and is rich in 10\u2010hydroxy\u20102\u2010decenoic acid content. It is also more bioaccessible, and exhibits strong antibacterial and antidiabetic effects, which are attributed to the variation in harvesting time.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.72127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T07:02:23Z","timestamp":1785308543000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Total Protein and 10\u2010Hydroxy\u20102\u2010Decenoic Acid Content, In\u00a0Vitro Bioaccessibility, Antibacterial, and Antidiabetic Properties of Royal Jelly Collected at Different Harvesting Times"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1542-2076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eyuel","family":"Welelaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Post\u2010Harvest Technology Wachemo University, College of Agricultural Science  Hossana 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Holeta Bee Research Center  Holeta Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Admasu","family":"Addi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Holeta Bee Research Center  Holeta Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mesfin Getachew","family":"Tadesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioprocess Center of Excellence Addis Ababa Science and Technology University  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"},{"name":"Department of Industrial Chemistry Addis Ababa Science and Technology University  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Endale","family":"Amare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition, Environmental Health and Non\u2010Communicable Diseases Research Directorate Ethiopian Public Health Institute  Addis Ababa 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