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In recent years, it has attracted widespread attention because of its potential value in aging intervention and the prevention and treatment of multisystem diseases. This review systematically summarizes the molecular mechanisms of UA, its effects in disease intervention, and progress in human clinical studies. Existing studies have shown that, with mitochondrial quality control as the core, UA exerts multi\u2010target biological effects through the synergistic regulation of pathways related to inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, mitophagy, and programmed cell death. Findings from in\u00a0vitro mechanistic studies and animal models suggest that UA may influence pathological processes relevant to degenerative musculoskeletal diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and cancers, whereas current human clinical evidence remains preliminary and is mainly concentrated in muscle function, exercise\u2010related outcomes, selected metabolic biomarkers, and short\u2010 to medium\u2010term safety and tolerability. In addition, this review discusses the bioavailability of UA and its relationship with individual gut microbiota metabolic phenotypes. Future research should focus on high\u2010quality, long\u2010term randomized controlled trials with extended follow\u2010up to promote the application of UA in precision nutrition and its clinical translation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.72167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T05:54:22Z","timestamp":1784958862000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Health Benefits and Molecular Mechanisms of Urolithin A: From a Gut Microbiota\u2010Derived Metabolite to Translational Applications"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2248-2408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zijiang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Art and Physical Education Nanchang Jiaotong Institute  Nanchang Jiangxi 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