{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T04:53:03Z","timestamp":1791003183148,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by the excessive accumulation of triglycerides within hepatocytes.\n                    <jats:italic>Ziziphus jujube<\/jats:italic>\n                    fruit (ZJF), a medicinal plant with well\u2010documented antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory properties, has shown hepatoprotective effects in preclinical studies. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ZJF powder supplementation on fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile, liver enzyme levels, and the severity of hepatic steatosis in patients with NAFLD. In this single\u2010blind, randomized controlled clinical trial, 88 patients diagnosed with NAFLD were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group, which received 30\u2009g of ZJF powder daily alongside a low\u2010calorie diet, or the control group, which adhered solely to a low\u2010calorie diet for 12\u2009weeks. The primary outcome was FBG. Secondary outcomes included lipid profile (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL\u2010C], and high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL\u2010C]), liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], and gamma\u2010glutamyl transpeptidase [GGT]), and the severity of hepatic steatosis (assessed via ultrasonography). Measurements were taken at baseline and post\u2010intervention. After adjusting for baseline values, weight, and waist circumference using ANCOVA, no significant between\u2010group difference was observed for the primary outcome, FBG (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.12). However, the intervention group demonstrated significantly greater reductions in the secondary outcomes of ALT (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.015), AST (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.001), LDL\u2010C (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.04), TC (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.004), and the severity of hepatic steatosis (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.001) compared to the control group. No significant between\u2010group differences were observed for TG, HDL\u2010C, or GGT. In this randomized controlled trial, daily supplementation with ZJF powder (30\u2009g\/day) in conjunction with a low\u2010calorie diet for 12\u2009weeks did not significantly reduce FBG (the primary outcome) compared to diet alone. However, significant improvements were observed in secondary outcomes, including ALT, AST, TC, LDL\u2010C, and most notably hepatic steatosis grade. These findings suggest that ZJF may offer metabolic and hepatoprotective benefits in patients with NAFLD, although the primary outcome remained inconclusive. Larger, longer\u2010term studies with a placebo control are warranted to confirm these effects.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The protocol of the study was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) (IRCT ID: IRCT20140502017522N5; Registration date: June 2023),\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/en.irct.ir\/trial\/69945\">http:\/\/en.irct.ir\/trial\/69945<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.72228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T12:56:55Z","timestamp":1786366615000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Ziziphus jujube<\/i>\n                    Fruit Supplementation Improves Liver Enzymes, Lipid Profile, and Hepatic Steatosis but Not Fasting Blood Glucose in Patients With\n                    <scp>NAFLD<\/scp>\n                    : A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ronak","family":"Borzooei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8087-663X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karim","family":"Parastouei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Centre, Life Style Institute Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2853-0196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Taghdir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Centre, Life Style Institute Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Health Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6441-5887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mojtaba","family":"Sepandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Centre, Life Style Institute Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Abyazi Heris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL) Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-020-00444-y"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Research Advances in Bioactive Components and Therapeutic Benefits of Jujube Fruit, a Mini Review","volume":"11","author":"Azami Movahed M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Research Journal of Pharmacognosy"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6FO00613B"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572\u20100241.1999.01377.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010017\u201005666\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf200371r"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000078924.61453.fb"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6026\/97320630019445"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","first-page":"741","article-title":"Effects of Ziziphus jujube Mill., \n                     Cynara scolymus\n                   L. and \n                     Cichorium intybus\n                   L. 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