{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:48:29Z","timestamp":1792511309372,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Microalgae are excellent bioaccumulators of selenium (Se) and iron (Fe), making them ideal for use in the fortification of food and feed supplements. This study aimed to investigate the effects of varying concentrations of Se and Fe on the growth of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Chlorella vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and its capacity to accumulate these microminerals. The optimal concentration of each micronutrient was determined by evaluating growth parameters and metal accumulation, and the effects of these metals on various bioactive compounds were then analyzed. The highest specific growth rate and final biomass productivity were found in 50\u2009mg\u2009L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    Fe. The maximum accumulation of Se and Fe in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C. vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    cells reached 81.54\u2009\u00b1\u20090.46\u2009mg\u2009kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    DW at 45\u2009mg\u2009L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    Se and 26798.51\u2009\u00b1\u20091.49\u2009mg\u2009kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    DW at 150\u2009mg\u2009L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    Fe, respectively. Chlorophyll a content increased in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C. vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    treated with 15\u2009mg\u2009L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    Se and 50\u2009mg\u2009L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    Fe. In contrast, the contents of \u03b2\u2010carotene and lycopene were not significantly affected by Se and Fe treatments. Total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity significantly increased in 15\u2009mg\u2009L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    Se and 50\u2009mg\u2009L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    Fe. The fatty acid profile indicated that unsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic, alpha\u2010linolenic, and palmitoleic acid, were the dominant components identified under Se and Fe treatments. This study suggested that\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C. vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    enriched with optimal levels of Se and Fe can be regarded as a promising candidate for the development of functional foods and nutritional purposes, due to its rich bioactive compounds.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.72230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T05:52:11Z","timestamp":1788760331000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biofortification of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Chlorella vulgaris<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    With Selenium and Iron Microminerals and Investigation of Some Bioactive Compounds: A Promising Dietary Supplement"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7219-0038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masoumeh Rezaei","family":"Moshaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biotechnology Amol University of Special Modern Technologies  Amol Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6298-8718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Azadbakht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"},{"name":"Medicinal Plants Research Center Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0843-8440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akbar Hajizadeh","family":"Moghaddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Mazandaran  Babolsar Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8579-779X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahbobeh","family":"Ghanbarzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology of Microalgae Production and Processing Academic Center for Education, Culture &amp; Research (ACECR)  Mazandaran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/djs.2020.139231"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1208724"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u20103\u2010319\u201024945\u20102_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11802\u2010008\u20100060\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2015.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568\u2010017\u20100348\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1996.0292"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092524"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/1811199a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003\u20102697(76)90527\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31989\/ffhd.v7i4.323"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41021\u2010023\u201000293\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","unstructured":"Dou\u0161kov\u00e1 I. J.Mach\u00e1t D.Umysov\u00e1 M.V\u00edtov\u00e1 J.Doucha andV.Zachleder.2007.\u201cScenedesmus quadricauda\u2010a Promising Microorganism for Selenium\u2010Enriched Algal Biomass Production.\u201dhttps:\/\/is.muni.cz\/osoba\/9852."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2015.00359"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00027\u2010001\u20108044\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874294701710010092"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2015.03.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00318884.2024.2351207"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811\u2010022\u201002797\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2014.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2013.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/401265"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2011.09.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/hpp.2022.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.01492"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Phycological Studies IV","author":"HC B.","year":"1963"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hem3.108"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","first-page":"218","article-title":"Culturing of Chlorella sp. With Different of Iron (Fe3+) Concentration in Bold's Basal Medium for Healthy and Nutritious Cookies","volume":"1","author":"Iriani D.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Applied Science and Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","first-page":"353","article-title":"Effect of Iron Concentration on Growth, Protein Content and Total Phenolic Content of Chlorella sp. Cultured in Basal Medium","volume":"40","author":"Iriani D.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sains Malaysiana"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23116283"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119048961.ch1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2017.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2006.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14142976"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2021.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lattanzio V.2013.\u201cPhenolic Compounds: Introduction 50.\u201dNat. Prod 1543\u20101580.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978\u20103\u2010642\u201022144\u20106_57.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-22144-6_57"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.pcp.a077324"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2013.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms11114452"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2007.09.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665121000902"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","volume-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids","author":"Medicine, I. o","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","volume-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc","author":"Medicine, I. o","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3136\/nskkk1962.39.925"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2010.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811\u2010014\u20100477\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2011.03.085"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022\u20103646.2003.02\u2010193.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005\u20102728(89)80347\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22126\/atic.2026.12170.1221"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Effects of Iron and Zinc Concentrations on Growth Performance and Biochemical Composition of \n                     Haematococcus pluvialis\n                  : A Comparison Between Nanoparticles and Their Corresponding Metals Bulks","volume":"9","author":"Rastar M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Algal Biomass Utilization"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12257\u2010016\u20100628\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11099\u2010017\u20100696\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12071993"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15835\/nsb448029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2014.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2017.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.41.3.415"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4313"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753\u20103322(02)00253\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8030128"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55289\/jnutres\/v3i1.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43897\u2010022\u201000023\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112270"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2018.10.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2020.107536"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002\u20108223(01)00078\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005195.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2011.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1750\u20103841.17529"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2006.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2007.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","volume-title":"Fats and Fatty Acids in Human Nutrition Report of an Expert Consultation","author":"WHO, F","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5124553"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2024.103908"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13030405"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811\u2010018\u20101711\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b04246"}],"container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.72230","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/fsn3.72230","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.72230","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:17:51Z","timestamp":1792509471000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/fsn3.72230"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/fsn3.72230"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.72230","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-7177","2048-7177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-7177","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-7177","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e72230"}}