{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T04:52:58Z","timestamp":1791003178348,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Food\u2010based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) are a key instrument for communicating healthy nutrition principles that are implemented in most countries. However, adherence remains low, and recent literature highlights the need for improvements. This exploratory study investigated consumer perceptions of the German FBDGs, focusing on strengths and areas for improvement. Ten individuals with diverse demographics, nutrition knowledge, and dietary motivation participated in semi\u2010structured interviews. Participants evaluated the content and design of the FBDGs regarding both comprehensibility and applicability. Additionally, participants provided feedback on a proposed mock\u2010up illustrating the concept of an AI\u2010based feedback tool aimed at enhancing individualization and contextual aspects. Overall, participants expressed more criticism than approval. Although the FBDGs were generally considered easy to understand, many found them difficult to translate into daily practice. Participants perceived the FBDGs as (a) too general for individualized diets and (b) too theoretical, offering little support for behavior change. Positive feedback mainly referred to the simple and understandable language. The mock\u2010up was received more positively, though some criticism regarding individualization was raised. The findings suggest that while the German FBDGs effectively illustrate healthy eating principles conceptually, they fall short in supporting real\u2010life implementation. The presented AI\u2010based tool represents a promising step toward more practical and individualized guidance but may still not be sufficient to induce substantial changes to behaviors. Future improvements to national dietary guidance may therefore require the development of complementary, behaviorally oriented programs that go beyond informational approaches and address the practical realities of everyday nutrition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.72242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T10:54:22Z","timestamp":1786359262000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Consumer Perceptions of the German Food\u2010Based Dietary Guidelines and the Complementary Potential of\n                    <scp>AI<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Based Nutrition Tools"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4442-2438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology University of Bamberg  Bamberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9925-1920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Sprengholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology University of Bamberg  Bamberg Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Planetary Health Behavior University of Erfurt  Erfurt Germany"},{"name":"Health Communication Working Group Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneb.2007.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmy033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511000250"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016\u2010021\u201000225\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4455\/eu.2024.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Ern\u00e4hrung e. V. (DGE).2025a.\u201cGut Essen und Trinken\u2014Die DGE\u2010Empfehlungen.\u201dAccessed November 09 2025.https:\/\/www.dge.de\/gesunde\u2010ernaehrung\/gut\u2010essen\u2010und\u2010trinken\/dge\u2010empfehlungen\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Ern\u00e4hrung e. V. (DGE).2025b.\u201cDGE\u2010Ern\u00e4hrungskreis.\u201dAccessed November 09 2025.https:\/\/www.dge.de\/gesunde\u2010ernaehrung\/gut\u2010essen\u2010und\u2010trinken\/dge\u2010ernaehrungskreis\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1223814"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2010.1460"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"Food\u2010Based Dietary Guidelines","author":"FAO","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","volume-title":"Developing Food\u2010Based Dietary Guidelines: A Manual From the English\u2010Speaking Caribbean","author":"FAO","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","volume-title":"World Declaration and Plan of Action for Nutrition","author":"FAO","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmy130"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13031038"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2021.544072"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000000388"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2003.09.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m2322"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10113\u2010016\u20101057\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gfs.2021.100533"}],"container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.72242","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/fsn3.72242","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.72242","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T04:09:35Z","timestamp":1791000575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/fsn3.72242"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/fsn3.72242"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.72242","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-7177","2048-7177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-7177","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-7177","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e72242"}}