{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:49:04Z","timestamp":1792511344546,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022R1F1A1064002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1F1A1064002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003624","name":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003624","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Obesity causes chronic kidney damage. This study investigated the renoprotective effects of\n                    <jats:italic>Gochujang<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a Korean traditional fermented food, despite its high salt content.\n                    <jats:italic>Gochujang<\/jats:italic>\n                    extract (GE) significantly inhibited lipid accumulation and reduced inflammation\u2010related proteins, including TNF\u2010\u03b1, in renal tubular epithelial (HK\u20102) cells. Additionally,\n                    <jats:italic>Gochujang<\/jats:italic>\n                    markedly attenuated kidney injury\u2010associated changes by lowering blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and kidney injury molecule\u20101 (KIM\u20101) levels, and by improving histopathology in high\u2010fat diet (HD)\u2010induced obese mice. Moreover,\n                    <jats:italic>Gochujang<\/jats:italic>\n                    altered HD\u2010induced gut microbiota changes by increasing diversity and reducing the\n                    <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010to\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes<\/jats:italic>\n                    ratio, whereas table salt had no effect. Importantly, alterations in the gut microbiota were strongly correlated with improvements in renal injury and inflammatory indicators, implying an association between the renoprotective effects of\n                    <jats:italic>Gochujang<\/jats:italic>\n                    and gut microbiota modulation. These findings highlight the potential of\n                    <jats:italic>Gochujang<\/jats:italic>\n                    to attenuate obesity\u2010related kidney injury\u2010related changes despite its high salt content.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.72317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T06:31:00Z","timestamp":1788417060000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Despite Its High Salt Content,\n                    <i>Gochujang<\/i>\n                    Attenuates Obesity\u2010Induced Inflammatory Kidney Damage in Association With Gut Microbiota Modulation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"So\u2010Min","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Jeonbuk National University  Jeonju Jeollabuk\u2010do Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0196-7039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Un\u2010Seong","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Jeonbuk National University  Jeonju Jeollabuk\u2010do Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Do\u2010Youn","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry  Sunchang Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8018-0439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayoung","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Connecticut  Storrs Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8180-6214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Jeonbuk National University  Jeonju Jeollabuk\u2010do Republic of Korea"},{"name":"K\u2010Food Research Center Jeonbuk National University  Jeonju Jeollabuk\u2010do Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1095211"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.786599"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2022.K.0126"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-004-1155-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015226426000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"348","volume-title":"Dietary Bioactive Compounds and Human Health and Disease","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez S.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11071060"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2022.166474"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.837500"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO04111A"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","article-title":"Obesity\u2010Related Kidney Disease: Current Understanding and Future Perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Kreiner F. 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