{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T08:02:25Z","timestamp":1790755345061,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study aimed to optimize the antioxidant activity of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Pistacia lentiscus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    L. oleo\u2010gum resin essential oil (EO) extracted through superheated steam extraction (SHSE) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The SHSE process parameters were fine\u2010tuned to the maximum antioxidant activity of EO by applying a central composite design (CCD). The extraction parameters were temperature (140\u00b0C\u2013180\u00b0C), particle size (0.5\u20131\u2009mm), and extraction time (90\u2013150\u2009min). Gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS) analysis was used to investigate the chemical makeup of EO obtained by hydro\u2010distillation (HD), steam distillation (SD), as well as SHSE. These outcomes confirmed that the EO's chemical profile and antioxidant potential primarily depended on the extraction procedure. DPPH free radical scavenging capacity (DPPH\u2010FRSA), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and hydrogen peroxide scavenging efficiency (H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010FRSA) were employed to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the EOs. The highest antioxidant activity, DPPH\u2010FRSA (88.64%), H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010FRSA (78.64%), and FRAP (120.42%), was achieved using SHSE under optimized conditions: 160\u00b0C for temperature, 120\u2009min for time, and 0.75\u2009mm for the particle size. A 2nd\u2010order polynomial equation was fitted using the experimental results to ensure the validation of the optimization model. \u03b1\u2010pinene, verbenol, cis\u2010verbenone, limonene, and \u03b2\u2010myrcene dominated the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Pistacia lentiscus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    L. EO composition. Therefore, the SHSE has been identified as an improved and effective method for obtaining the antioxidant\u2010rich EO of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Pistacia lentiscus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    L. In addition, the extraction conditions were well optimized with the help of RSM, which significantly improved the antioxidant potential of the EO regarding its functional application.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.72383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:51:44Z","timestamp":1790754704000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Improved Antioxidant Properties of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Pistacia lentiscus<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    L. Oleo\u2010gum Resin Essential Oil Extracted by Superheated Steam: Process Optimization and Chemical Characterization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0482-0896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Adnan","family":"Ayub","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Sahiwal  Sahiwal Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iqra","family":"Iram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Sahiwal  Sahiwal Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khayala","family":"Mammadova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Biological Physics Department Azerbaijan Medical University  Baku Azerbaijan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9712-9609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osama A.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine University of Bisha  Bisha Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8116-6150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rameen","family":"Waseem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Sahiwal  Sahiwal Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5431-8503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Fawzy","family":"Ramadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Umm Al\u2010Qura University  Makkah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9557-0342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Zubair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Gujrat  Gujrat Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5061-3284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mazhar","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences (Section Biochemistry) University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore  Jhang Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8828-4727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasrin","family":"Choobkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Ker.C. 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