{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T05:55:39Z","timestamp":1790574939707,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The intestinal barrier is a critical regulator of gut health, often compromised by dysbiosis and inflammation. Given the rising interest in fermented plant\u2010based foods and probiotics as adjuvants in maintaining gut health, this study explored the biological activity of zgougou juice, comparing spontaneous fermentation (J) with driven fermentation using two lactobacilli with probiotic traits (namely\n                    <jats:italic>Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    A1 and\n                    <jats:italic>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    A2), as well as the effects of cell biomass and Cell\u2010Free Supernatants (CFS) obtained from those lactobacilli. Using a Caco\u20102 cell monolayer model, we assessed barrier integrity via Transepithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) and gene expression of Tight Junction Proteins (TJP) and the cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor \u03b1 (TNF\u03b1). Treatment of Caco\u20102 monolayer with zgougou juice fermented with lactobacilli significantly reinforced the intestinal barrier, with TEER values reaching 690\u2013963.33\u2009\u03a9\u00b7cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Furthermore, it upregulated TJP expression, outperforming bacterial biomass and their CFS. These findings would suggest that zgougou juice improves intestinal barrier, though further in\u00a0vivo and clinical trials are necessary to claim any benefits for human health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.72387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T05:10:58Z","timestamp":1790572258000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Tunisian Fermented Zgougou and Related Lactobacilli on Caco\u20102 Cell Barrier Integrity: Upregulation of Key Tight Junction Proteins"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1095-0347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jihen","family":"Missaoui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (Di.S.S.P.A) University of Bari Aldo Moro  Bari Italy"},{"name":"Bio\u2010Resources: Integrative Biology &amp; Valorization (BIOLIVAL), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8766-1869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Liso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS \u201cS. de Bellis\u201d  Castellana Grotte Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1177-9868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Lataoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio\u2010Resources: Integrative Biology &amp; Valorization (BIOLIVAL), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4430-2978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosangela","family":"Limongelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (Di.S.S.P.A) University of Bari Aldo Moro  Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1062-9374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Minervini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (Di.S.S.P.A) University of Bari Aldo Moro  Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8909-8598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lotfi","family":"Achour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio\u2010Resources: Integrative Biology &amp; 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