{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T05:56:46Z","timestamp":1790575006475,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG074971"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG074971"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL169332"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL169332"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Soy isoflavones have been associated with benefits for menopausal symptoms, cardiovascular health, and cognitive function, yet randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in Western countries have produced inconsistent results. A key factor may be equol, a metabolite of daidzein with stronger estrogenic and antioxidant effects, produced at lower rates in Western than in East Asian populations. This systematic review evaluates RCTs aimed at converting equol nonproducers to producers (CRD420251038428). We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for RCTs published between 1991 and 2025. Twelve RCTs (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009730, 85.5% female) met inclusion criteria. Interventions included soy isoflavones alone, soy with probiotics, fermented soy products, seaweed, and wheat bran. Studies were conducted in Japan (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091), Brazil (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091), and Western countries (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910), with durations ranging from a single dose to 2.5\u2009years. Study quality was assessed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute evaluation tool. None of the interventions significantly converted equol nonproducers into producers, with methodological limitations including small sample sizes, inconsistent equol measurement, and heterogeneous populations compromising reliability. Achieving equol producer status could unlock the full nutritional potential of soy isoflavones for menopausal, cardiovascular, and cognitive health. Future studies should prioritize standardized equol measurement, microbiome\u2010targeted interventions, and well\u2010powered, diverse populations to develop effective dietary strategies for Western populations where soy intake and equol production remain low.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.72394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T05:31:40Z","timestamp":1790573500000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Converting Equol Nonproducers to Producers: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3778-5633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiatong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6514-1793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9716-9229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saied","family":"Aboushanab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ural Federal University  Yekaterinburg Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9113-7082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Ebeid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rieko","family":"Hatanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization Tohoku University  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5527-7574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miho","family":"Iida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Takase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization Tohoku University  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnur","family":"Gusmanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1439-4242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aya","family":"Hirata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9148-1078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoko","family":"Miyagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1467-161X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Nakaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization Tohoku University  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6487-8934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daisuke","family":"Sugiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing and Medical Care Keio University  Fujisawa Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0281-5986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Curtis","family":"Tilves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center University of Colorado  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Hozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization Tohoku University  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingnan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hawai\u2019i Cancer Center  Honolulu Hawaii USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noel T.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Epidemiology University of Colorado  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3172-3132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panayiotis V.","family":"Benos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, PHHP and COM University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7197-6321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akira","family":"Sekikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2014.09.005","article-title":"Effect of Soy Nuts and Equol Status on Blood Pressure, Lipids and Inflammation in Postmenopausal Women Stratified by Metabolic Syndrome Status","volume":"64","author":"Acharjee S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"260","article-title":"Sex Differences in the Association Between Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in a Japanese Population","volume":"117","author":"Ahuja V.","year":"2017","journal-title":"British Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2011.2753","article-title":"A NaturalS\u2010Equol Supplement Alleviates Hot Flushes and Other Menopausal Symptoms in Equol Nonproducing Postmenopausal Japanese Women","volume":"21","author":"Aso T.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Women's Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3759","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12123759","article-title":"The Gut Microbiome, Aging, and Longevity: A Systematic Review","volume":"12","author":"Badal V. D.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e3181cb4fb5","article-title":"Soy Isoflavones Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Climacteric Vasomotor Symptoms","volume":"17","author":"Bola\u00f1os R.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602020","article-title":"Consumption of Lactobacillus Acidophilus and Bifidobacterium Longum Do Not Alter Urinary Equol Excretion and Plasma Reproductive Hormones in Premenopausal Women","volume":"58","author":"Bonorden M. J. L.","year":"2004","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2006.01.002","article-title":"Transformation of Isoflavone Phytoestrogens During the Fermentation of Soymilk With Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria","volume":"23","author":"Chien H.\u2010L.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Food Microbiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"Phenotypic Differences Between Equol\u2010Producing and Non\u2010Equol\u2010Producing Intestinal Microbiota","volume":"17","author":"Curiel J. A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Beneficial Microbes"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"2758","article-title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains Against Foodborne Pathogens","volume":"13","author":"Bastida A. R.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2016.117","article-title":"Consumption of Soy Foods and Isoflavones and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Pooled Analysis of Three US Cohorts","volume":"70","author":"Ding M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2012.04.013","article-title":"Bioconversion of Daidzein to Equol by Bifidobacterium Breve 15700 and Bifidobacterium Longum BB536","volume":"4","author":"Elghali S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Functional Foods"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-10-0116","article-title":"Urine Accurately Reflects Circulating Isoflavonoids and Ascertains Compliance During Soy Intervention","volume":"19","author":"Franke A. A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2011.03.002","article-title":"Equol Production Changes Over Time in Postmenopausal Women","volume":"23","author":"Franke A. A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"1201","article-title":"Equol Production Is Not Associated With Breast Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women","volume":"107","author":"Franke A. A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"British Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-1929-1_8","volume-title":"Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Aging","author":"Giles G. E.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3277","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.12.3277","article-title":"Consumption of Soy Protein and Isoflavones Does Not Affect Bone Turnover in Postmenopausal Women","volume":"134","author":"Greany K. A.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.6.1260","article-title":"Soy\u2010Isoflavone\u2010Enriched Foods and Inflammatory Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Postmenopausal Women: Interactions With Genotype and Equol Production","volume":"82","author":"Hall W. L.","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","first-page":"1841","article-title":"Cognitive Effects of Estradiol After Menopause: A Randomized Trial of the Timing Hypothesis","volume":"78","author":"Henderson V. W.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3168","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.620831","article-title":"Isoflavone Soy Protein and Atherosclerosis in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"42","author":"Hodis H. N.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13029","article-title":"Cross\u2010Sectional Study of Equol Producer Status and Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults","volume":"17","author":"Igase M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11020433","article-title":"Daidzein Intake Is Associated With Equol Producing Status Through an Increase in the Intestinal Bacteria Responsible for Equol Production","volume":"11","author":"Iino C.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-026-04749-7","article-title":"Stability of Equol Production Capability Is Associated With the Diversity of the Gut Microbiota of the Host: A Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"26","author":"Iino K.","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMC Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-208-43829","article-title":"The Variable Metabolic Response to Dietary Isoflavones in Humans","volume":"208","author":"Kelly G. E.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","first-page":"H306","article-title":"Antioxidant Activity and Functional Properties of Soybean Fermented With Lactic Acid Bacteria","volume":"75","author":"Ko T.\u2010F.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Food Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.1.189","article-title":"Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effects of Soy Protein Containing Isoflavones on Vascular Function in Postmenopausal Women","volume":"81","author":"Kreijkamp\u2010Kaspers S.","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-217-44241","article-title":"Urinary Equol Excretion With a Soy Challenge: Influence of Habitual Diet","volume":"217","author":"Lampe J. W.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.3.740","article-title":"Wheat Bran and Soy Protein Feeding Do Not Alter Urinary Excretion of the Isoflavan Equol in Premenopausal Women","volume":"131","author":"Lampe J. W.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2007.06.010","article-title":"Increased Probiotic Yogurt or Resistant Starch Intake Does Not Affect Isoflavone Bioavailability in Subjects Consuming a High Soy Diet","volume":"23","author":"Larkin T. A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","article-title":"Soy Isoflavone Intake and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"64","author":"Li N.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecular Nutrition & Food Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00945"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","first-page":"289","article-title":"Effects of Soy Protein on Estrogen Metabolism in Premenopausal Women","volume":"26","author":"Lu L. W.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nutrition and Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.6.1500S","article-title":"Sex and Long\u2010Term Soy Diets Affect the Metabolism and Excretion of Soy Isoflavones in Humans","volume":"68","author":"Lu L.\u2010J. W.","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041306","article-title":"Isoflavone Intake and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in US Men and Women","volume":"141","author":"Ma L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.65404-0","article-title":"Adlercreutzia Equolifaciens Gen. Nov., sp. Nov., an Equol\u2010Producing Bacterium Isolated From Human Faeces, and Emended Description of the Genus Eggerthella","volume":"58","author":"Maruo T.","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4847","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00555-08","article-title":"Conversion of Daidzein and Genistein by an Anaerobic Bacterium Newly Isolated From the Mouse Intestine","volume":"74","author":"Matthies A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.148247","article-title":"Daidzein and Genistein Are Converted to Equol and 5\u2010Hydroxy\u2010Equol by Human Intestinal Slackia Isoflavoniconvertens in Gnotobiotic Rats3","volume":"142","author":"Matthies A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092231","article-title":"Equol: A Bacterial Metabolite From the Daidzein Isoflavone and Its Presumed Beneficial Health Effects","volume":"11","author":"Mayo B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2006.12.887","article-title":"Consumption ofLactobacillus acidophilusandBifidobacterium longumDoes Not Alter Phytoestrogen Metabolism and Plasma Hormones in Men: A Pilot Study","volume":"12","author":"McMullen M. H.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e05298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e05298","article-title":"Impact of Prebiotics on Equol Production From Soymilk Isoflavones by Two Bifidobacterium Species","volume":"6","author":"Mustafa S. E.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","first-page":"1998","article-title":"Dietary Soy Protein and Isoflavones Have No Effect on Bone Turnover in Postmenopausal Women","volume":"134","author":"Nettleton J. A.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000363","article-title":"A Cross\u2010Sectional Study of Equol Producer Status and Self\u2010Reported Vasomotor Symptoms","volume":"22","author":"Newton K. M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","unstructured":"NHLBI NIH. n.d.\u201cStudy Quality Assessment Tools.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\u2010topics\/study\u2010quality\u2010assessment\u2010tools."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.7.2048","article-title":"A Combination of Dietary Fructooligosaccharides and Isoflavone Conjugates Increases Femoral Bone Mineral Density and Equol Production in Ovariectomized Mice","volume":"132","author":"Ohta A.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 Statement: An Updated Guideline for Reporting Systematic Reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page M. J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","first-page":"610","article-title":"Soy Isoflavones for Menopausal Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"32","author":"Ribeiro A. E.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-013-9329-x","article-title":"Soy Isoflavones and Their Relationship With Microflora: Beneficial Effects on Human Health in Equol Producers","volume":"12","author":"S\u00e1nchez\u2010Calvo J. M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phytochemistry Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2018.07.008","article-title":"Influence of Gender and Menopausal Status on Gut Microbiota","volume":"116","author":"Santos\u2010Marcos J. A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403X15666181205104717","article-title":"Effect of S\u2010Equol and Soy Isoflavones on Heart and Brain","volume":"15","author":"Sekikawa A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current Cardiology Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70144","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.70144","article-title":"ACE Trial Design: Equol Targeting Estrogen Receptor\u2010\u03b2 in Vascular and Cognitive Aging","volume":"11","author":"Sekikawa A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3577","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.12.3577","article-title":"The Clinical Importance of the Metabolite Equol\u2014A Clue to the Effectiveness of Soy and Its Isoflavones","volume":"132","author":"Setchell K. D. R.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2188","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.8.2188","article-title":"Method of Defining Equol\u2010Producer Status and Its Frequency Among Vegetarians","volume":"136","author":"Setchell K. D. R.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","first-page":"2991","article-title":"Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Soy\u2010Based Foods: Effects of Processing and Fermentation","volume":"100","author":"Silva F.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","first-page":"247","article-title":"Soy Isoflavone Intake and the Risk of Prostate Cancer in Japanese Men","volume":"12","author":"Tanaka M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.108.100834","article-title":"Dietary Seaweed Modifies Estrogen and Phytoestrogen Metabolism in Healthy Postmenopausal Women","volume":"139","author":"Teas J.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-12-127","article-title":"Effects of Short\u2010Term Fructooligosaccharide Intake on Equol Production in Japanese Postmenopausal Women Consuming Soy Isoflavone Supplements: A Pilot Study","volume":"12","author":"Tousen Y.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrition Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602530","article-title":"Urinary Excretion of Equol by Postmenopausal Women Consuming Soymilk Fermented by Probiotic Bifidobacteria","volume":"61","author":"Tsangalis D.","year":"2007","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.3.692","article-title":"Influence of 10 Wk of Soy Consumption on Plasma Concentrations and Excretion of Isoflavonoids and on Gut Microflora Metabolism in Healthy Adults","volume":"80","author":"Wiseman H.","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqac252","article-title":"Gut Microbiota and Acylcarnitine Metabolites Connect the Beneficial Association Between Equol and Adiposity in Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"116","author":"Wu Y.\u2010Y.","year":"2022","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001202","article-title":"Inter\u2010Relationship Between Diet, Lifestyle Habits, Gut Microflora, and the Equol\u2010Producer Phenotype: Baseline Findings From a Placebo\u2010Controlled Intervention Trial","volume":"26","author":"Yoshikata R.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20114","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-24659-8","article-title":"Cross\u2010Sectional Association of Equol Producing Status With Aortic Calcification in Japanese Men Aged 40\u201379\u2009Years","volume":"12","author":"Zhang X.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"}],"container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.72394","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/fsn3.72394","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.72394","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T05:31:49Z","timestamp":1790573509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/fsn3.72394"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/fsn3.72394"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.72394","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-7177","2048-7177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-7177","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-7177","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e72394"}}