{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:00:33Z","timestamp":1791378033688,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004410","name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["125Z143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["125Z143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Gastric ulcer pathogenesis involves inflammation and cell death. Paraprobiotics are emerging as safer therapeutic alternatives. This study aimed to investigate the gastroprotective effect of paraprobiotics derived from\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium animalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>lactis<\/jats:italic>\n                    BB\u201012 and its role in modulating PANoptosis in the experimental ulcer model. Gastric ulcers were induced in Balb\/c mice using indomethacin. Mice were pre\u2010treated by oral gavage with live\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B. animalis<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      subsp. lactis\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    BB\u201012 probiotic (1\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009CFU\/mL, 200\u2009\u03bcL), its heat\u2010inactivated paraprobiotic (1\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009CFU\/mL, 200\u2009\u03bcL), or lansoprazole (30\u2009mg\/kg), each administered 5\u2009min before ulcer induction with indomethacin (25\u2009mg\/kg). Gastric damage was assessed macroscopically and histologically. Oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], reduced glutathione [GSH], malondialdehyde [MDA]), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and serum cytokines (tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 [TNF\u2010\u03b1], interleukin\u20106 [IL\u20106], IL\u201010) were measured. Key proteins of the PANoptosis pathway were analyzed by Western blot. Both probiotic and paraprobiotic treatments significantly reduced the ulcer area (from 52.54% in the ulcer group to 21.57% and 17.34%, respectively) and the total histological damage index (from 3.95 to 1.27 and 0.95, respectively) (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Both treatments reversed the depletion of antioxidant enzymes and the increase in MDA and MPO levels. Additionally, they restored IL\u201010 to control levels while suppressing TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20106 (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Paraprobiotics also strongly inhibited key regulatory proteins in three cell death pathways, including NLRP3, c\u2010Caspase\u20101\/3\/8, ZBP1, and p\u2010RIPK3\/MLKL. Paraprobiotics derived from\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B. lactis<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      subsp. lactis\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    BB\u201012 exhibit a potent gastric protective effect against gastric ulcers. As they were administered before ulcer induction, paraprobiotics represent a promising prophylactic strategy for the prevention of inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders, identifying PANoptosis as an important therapeutic target.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.72397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T12:05:29Z","timestamp":1791374729000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Paraprobiotics Derived From\n                    <i>Bifidobacterium animalis<\/i>\n                    Subsp.\n                    <i>Lactis<\/i>\n                    <scp>BB<\/scp>\n                    \u201012 Attenuates Indomethacin\u2010Induced Gastric Ulcer by Inhibiting the\n                    <scp>PANoptosis<\/scp>\n                    Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3506-4306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adem","family":"Yava\u015f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Quality Control and Analysis Programme, Food Processing Department, \u00c7ine Vocational School Aydin Adnan Menderes University  Ayd\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5172-2740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ezgi","family":"\u00d6zkiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Aydin Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine  Ayd\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6479-7336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ecem","family":"Akan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dairy Technology, Faculty of Agriculture Aydin Adnan Menderes University  Ayd\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5983","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1895061","article-title":"The Biological Activities of Postbiotics in Gastrointestinal Disorders","volume":"62","author":"Abbasi A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0271284","article-title":"Quality of Care of Peptic Ulcer Disease Worldwide: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990\u20132019","volume":"17","author":"Abbasi\u2010Kangevari M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","first-page":"1296","article-title":"Exploring the Cytoprotective Potential of Oleuropein Against Indomethacin\u2010Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats","volume":"38","author":"Adem Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-025-10634-w","article-title":"Pterostilbene (Grape Flavonoid) Mitigates Gastric Ulcer Events In vivo: Biochemical and Histopathological Approaches","volume":"56","author":"Ahmed A. 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L.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00477","article-title":"A Novel Postbiotic From \n                     Lactobacillus rhamnosus\n                   GG With a Beneficial Effect on Intestinal Barrier Function","volume":"10","author":"Gao J.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-024-09627-x","article-title":"Probiotic Bacteria Protect Against Indomethacin\u2010Induced Gastric Ulcers Through Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis","volume":"51","author":"Gelen V.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecular Biology Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gelen V. E.Seng\u00fcl S.Gedikli et\u00a0al.2021.\u201cThe Protective Effects of Probiotic Bacteria on Indomethacin\u2010Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats.\u201d","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-158206\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e20406"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106037","article-title":"Pyroptosis, Apoptosis, and Necroptosis Molecular Subtype Derived Prognostic Signature Universal Applicable for Gastric Cancer\u2010A Large Sample and Multicenter Retrospective Analysis","volume":"149","author":"Huo J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Computers in Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1080\/10520295.2022.2028308","article-title":"Effects of the Probiotic, \n                     Lactobacillus rhamnosus\n                   GG, on Ulcer Pathogenesis, HSP70 Stress Protein and Nitric Oxide Levels in Stress Induced Ulcer","volume":"97","author":"Isik M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biotechnic & Histochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2025.5606","article-title":"Pyroptosis in Gastric Mucosal Injury\u2010Related Diseases","volume":"56","author":"Ji B.","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","article-title":"Protective Effect and Potential Mechanism of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Shaoyao\u2010Gancao Decoction on Ethanol\u2010Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats","volume":"2022","author":"Jin Y.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evidence\u2010based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2256-6592","article-title":"Recent Advances in Molecular Pathways and Therapeutic Implications for Peptic Ulcer Management: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"56","author":"Joshi D. 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K.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Science and Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","article-title":"Ethanol Induces Necroptosis in Gastric Epithelial Cells in Vitro","volume":"45","author":"Liu J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Food Biochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00406","article-title":"ZBP1 and TAK1: Master Regulators of NLRP3 Inflammasome\/Pyroptosis, Apoptosis, and Necroptosis (PAN\u2010Optosis)","volume":"9","author":"Malireddi R. S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-025-10876-w","article-title":"Thermal Versus Ultrasound Inactivation of \n                     Bifidobacterium animalis\n                   Subsp. 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Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Research International"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-020-01426-w","article-title":"Postbiotics\u2010Parabiotics: The New Horizons in Microbial Biotherapy and Functional Foods","volume":"19","author":"Nataraj B. 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