{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:54:23Z","timestamp":1791359663849,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Due to its carcinogenic and toxic effects, benzo[a]pyrene, which belongs to the family of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, is a major health concern, primarily from sources such as tobacco smoke and grilling. This study investigated chia seeds and vitamin E as protective agents against benzo[a]pyrene toxicity in male mice. A total of 70 male mice were randomly assigned to 14 experimental groups (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095 per group): a negative control group, a vehicle control group (olive oil), a benzo[a]pyrene\u2010only group (20\u2009mg\/kg), a vitamin E\u2010only group (250\u2009mg\/kg), a vitamin E\u2009+\u2009benzo[a]pyrene co\u2010administration group, three chia seed\u2010only groups (10%, 20%, and 30% in diet), three chia seed\u2009+\u2009benzo[a]pyrene co\u2010administration groups, and three chia seed pre\u2010treatment groups (2\u2009weeks of chia seeds alone followed by 4\u2009weeks of chia seeds\u2009+\u2009benzo[a]pyrene). Biomarkers of oxidative stress, lipid profiles, and liver function were measured. Benzo[a]pyrene exposure significantly decreased superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity, and altered lipid metabolism, increasing triglyceride (TG) and low\u2010density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Interestingly, compared with those of the benzo[a]pyrene group, the total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity of the chia seeds enriched with 20% and 30% benzo[a]pyrene notably increased, and the malondialdehyde level decreased. Moreover, the level of aspartate aminotransferase decreased. However, vitamin E had a minimal protective effect and did not reduce oxidative damage. In summary, chia seeds, unlike vitamin E, enhanced antioxidant defenses, improved liver function, and ameliorated lipid metabolism disturbances caused by benzo[a]pyrene. Chia seeds are a promising dietary option to counteract environmental toxicants such as benzo[a]pyrene.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.72405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:48:16Z","timestamp":1791359296000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Protective Effects of Chia Seeds and Vitamin E Against Benzo[a]Pyrene\u2010Induced Toxicity in Male Mice: A Comparison of co\u2010Administration and Pre\u2010Treatment Strategies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8410-272X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Rezaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Animal Products\u2010Borne Diseases Research Center, IVO  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6086-2014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Karimi\u2010Dehkordi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary, Shk. C Islamic Azad University  Shahrekord Iran"},{"name":"Research Center of Nutrition and Organic Products (R.C.N.O.P) Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University  Shahrekord Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-025-01884-2","article-title":"Mitigation of Benzo (a) Pyrene\u2010Induced Hepatotoxicity and Oxidative Damage in Nile Tilapia (\n                     Oreochromis niloticus\n                  ) Using N\u2010Acetylcysteine\u2010Loaded Starch Nanoparticles in Porous Alginate Beads Through the CYP1A\/Nrf2\/HO\u20101 Pathway","volume":"33","author":"Abomosallam M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aquaculture International"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10406638.2020.1866039"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2024.2380003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.4018\/979-8-3693-7919-6.ch002","volume-title":"The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Human Health and Disease","author":"Bandodkar V. 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