{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:04:32Z","timestamp":1790751872406,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82201248"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82201248"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Over decades, the growing prevalence of antibiotic\u2010resistant bacterial infections, including rhinosinusitis caused by\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , has represented a significant public health challenge. The emergence of multidrug\u2010resistant strains and biofilm formation has limited the efficacy of conventional antibiotics, leading to increased patient morbidity and an urgent need to explore alternative therapeutic agents.\n                    <jats:italic>Polygonatum kingianum polysaccharides<\/jats:italic>\n                    (PKP), key bioactive components derived from traditional herbs, have attracted attention for their broad pharmacological effects. However, a thorough evaluation of their antibacterial potential in complex in\u00a0vivo infection models remains lacking. Herein, we report the extraction of PKP and a comprehensive assessment of its antibacterial activity both in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo. In\u00a0vitro, PKP exhibited potent, concentration\u2010dependent antibacterial activity against\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>S.\u2009aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , with significantly stronger bactericidal activity against the Gram\u2010positive bacterium (89.8% at 400\u2009mg\/mL; MIC\u2009=\u2009400\u2009mg\/mL; MBC\u2009=\u2009700\u2009mg\/mL). The antibacterial mechanism appeared to involve disruption of the cell membrane, with structural differences among bacterial envelopes likely explaining the variation in efficacy. Furthermore, in a rat model of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>S.\u2009aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010induced rhinosinusitis, intranasal administration of PKP effectively attenuated bacterial infection, as evidenced by significantly reduced neutrophilic infiltration and abscess formation, as well as decreased levels of the pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106). Meanwhile, PKP helped restore the barrier\u2010protective cytokine IL\u201022. Hematological profiles further confirmed the systemic anti\u2010inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of PKP, including regulation of leukocyte counts and improvement of immune organ indices. This study demonstrated that PKP exhibited significant in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo antibacterial activity against\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>S.\u2009aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    through a dual mechanism of direct bactericidal action and modulation of the immune response. Overall, these findings suggest that PKP has great potential as a natural therapeutic agent for bacterial rhinosinusitis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.72411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:44:57Z","timestamp":1790750697000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antibacterial and Immunomodulatory Activities of a Natural Polysaccharide Against\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3162-0685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xu\u2010Chen","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences) Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya\u2010Qi","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences) Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u2010Xuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences) Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, Ganzhou Hospital of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Ganzhou Municipal Hospital  Ganzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue\u2010Kun","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, Ganzhou Hospital of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Ganzhou Municipal Hospital  Ganzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi\u2010Dong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Safety Evaluation Center Jiangxi Medical Device Testing Center  Nanchang China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Modern Preparations of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine  Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences) Southern Medical University  Guangzhou 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