{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T13:54:01Z","timestamp":1791554041874,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Supply chain management (SCM) plays a pivotal role in achieving competitive advantage, enhancing customer value, and ensuring efficient transformation of raw materials into finished food products. However, the increasing complexity and globalization of agri\u2010food supply chains (AFSCs) have intensified challenges related to food safety, waste management, traceability, and sustainability. In response, digital transformation driven by Industry 4.0 technologies, particularly Blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), and Artificial Intelligence (AI), has emerged as a critical enabler of sustainable food systems. This review critically examines the role of these technologies in enhancing transparency, efficiency, and resilience across food supply chains. Blockchain ensures secure, immutable, and transparent data sharing, thereby improving traceability and trust among stakeholders. IoT facilitates real\u2010time monitoring of environmental and logistical parameters, reducing post\u2010harvest losses and ensuring product quality. AI\u2010driven analytics enable predictive decision\u2010making, demand forecasting, and resource optimization, contributing to reduced food waste and improved operational performance. Collectively, these technologies support precision agriculture, smart logistics, and data\u2010driven supply chain integration, thereby advancing sustainability goals. Despite these benefits, the adoption of digital technologies faces significant barriers, including high implementation costs, interoperability challenges, data privacy concerns, and limited technological infrastructure. This study highlights current advancements, identifies research gaps, and proposes future directions for scalable and secure digital integration to achieve sustainable and resilient food supply chains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.72422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T13:34:28Z","timestamp":1791552868000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Towards a Sustainable Food Supply Chain: Digital Transformation via Blockchain, IoT and AI"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zainab","family":"Jabbar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Technology Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology  Rahim Yar Khan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6371-2529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atif","family":"Liaqat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Technology Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology  Rahim Yar Khan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samreen","family":"Ahsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Technology Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology  Rahim Yar Khan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabia","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Technology Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology  Rahim Yar Khan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adnan","family":"Khaliq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Technology Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology  Rahim Yar Khan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1527-0794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Farhan Jahangir","family":"Chughtai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Technology Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology  Rahim Yar Khan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0271-0922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Furukh","family":"Faiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Food Technology Karakoram International University Gilgit  Gilgit Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Zahid","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology Guangdong Ocean University  Zhanjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5329-0764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tariq","family":"Mehmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Technology Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology  Rahim Yar Khan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5843-0359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edouard","family":"Bugingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Science and Technology University of Rwanda  Kigali Rwanda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4200-7759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Zubair","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences Government College University  Faisalabad Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/logistics5040083","article-title":"Food Supply Chain Transformation Through Technology and Future Research Directions\u2014A Systematic Review","volume":"5","author":"Abideen A. 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