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In this study, sunlight\u2010induced oxidation of edible oil was investigated in an aqueous system using erythrocyte\u2010derived hemoglobin (Hb) as a natural biocatalyst. Significant oxidation was observed only under visible\u2010light irradiation in the presence of Hb and oxygen. The peroxide value (PV) increased rapidly, reaching 9.7\u2009meq\u2009O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/kg within 2.5\u2009h, followed by the degradation of unsaturated fatty acids, indicating the occurrence of secondary oxidation reactions. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H NMR) analysis showed a 31.2% decrease in vinylic protons and a 36.9% decrease in bis\u2010allylic protons, together with the appearance of an aldehydic signal at\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n                    9.5\u2009ppm, confirming the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA). The generation of singlet oxygen (\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) was supported by anthracene bleaching (33%) and its inhibition by sodium azide (NaN\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), while the inhibitory effect of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) suggested the simultaneous involvement of radical\u2010mediated oxidation pathways. Compared with Rose Bengal and potassium permanganate (KMnO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), Hb showed higher photodegradation activity, likely due to the combined contribution of singlet oxygen generation and ferryl\u2010mediated (HbFe\n                    <jats:sup>(IV)<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2550O) hydrogen abstraction. Beyond advancing our understanding of the still underexplored mechanism of hemoglobin\u2010mediated photooxidation, these findings provide a scientific basis for exploring food\u2010derived hemoproteins as naturally abundant photosensitizers for the treatment of lipid\u2010rich wastewater.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.72423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:35:26Z","timestamp":1790656526000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sunlight\u2010Induced Lipid Oxidation and Degradation of Edible Oil Mediated by Hemoglobin: Implications for Food System Sustainability"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5979-0196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahdi","family":"Hajimohammadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry Kharazmi University  Tehran 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