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Baitouweng Tang (BTWT), a traditional herbal formulation, has long been employed to treat gastrointestinal disorders and shows promising potential in the management of IBD. However, its precise pharmacological mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we employed targeted metabolomics, high\u2010throughput sequencing, and molecular biology techniques to elucidate the therapeutic mechanisms of BTWT in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). BTWT significantly enhanced the relative abundance of\n                    <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    , improved the indole metabolic pathway of tryptophan, and restored the levels of indole metabolites, such as indole\u20103\u2010lactic acid (ILA). These changes activated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and led to marked improvements in the clinical symptoms of UC in mice. Conversely, the therapeutic effects of BTWT were substantially diminished in an antibiotic\u2010induced gut microbiota depletion model. Notably, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) partially restored BTWT efficacy, underscoring the critical role of the gut microbiota in mediating its therapeutic effects. Furthermore, in an in\u00a0vitro lipoteichoic acid (LTA)\u2010induced HT\u201029 inflammation model, ILA treatment attenuated inflammation and concurrently increased the expression of AhR, CYP1A1, and CYP1B1. These findings suggest a potential link between BTWT\u2010induced changes in tryptophan metabolites, AhR pathway activation, and the amelioration of colitis, though the causal relationship remains to be established. Our study provides a basis for further mechanistic investigation into the AhR pathway as a possible therapeutic target in UC.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.72434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:22:19Z","timestamp":1791973339000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gut Microbiota\u2010Dependent Tryptophan Metabolism Drives the Therapeutic Effects of Baitouweng Tang in Colitis via the AhR Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5917-2331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun","family":"Niu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine Gansu Agricultural University  Lanzhou 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