{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T11:52:59Z","timestamp":1791028379153,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Monitoring meat freshness across the modern supply chain remains challenging because meat quality changes dynamically with fluctuating cold\u2010chain, packaging, and logistics conditions. Conventional assessment methods, sensory inspection, physicochemical indices, and microbiological testing remain essential reference tools but are destructive, retrospective, and poorly suited to real\u2010time decision\u2010making. Growing research attention has therefore focused on sensor\u2010based systems, intelligent packaging, spectroscopic and imaging techniques, and digitally enabled monitoring platforms. However, many technologies that perform well in the laboratory do not scale into robust solutions under realistic supply\u2010chain variability. This review takes a translation\u2010oriented approach, reframing meat spoilage pathways in terms of their analytically detectable signals rather than their mechanistic biochemistry. Conventional freshness indices are critically assessed to explain their structural inability to operate under real logistics dynamics. Emerging technologies are evaluated not on analytical novelty alone, but on their capacity to integrate multiple spoilage signals, function under variable conditions, and support actionable freshness management, with particular attention to sensor arrays, data\u2010fusion schemes, IoT connectivity, machine\u2010learning\u2010based prediction, and smartphone\u2010assisted interpretation. This review provides a critical, criteria\u2010based synthesis to guide the development of robust, scalable, and decision\u2010oriented freshness monitoring systems capable of reducing waste, improving food safety, and strengthening supply\u2010chain resilience.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.72450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T11:02:35Z","timestamp":1791025355000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Meat Freshness Monitoring in the Modern Supply Chain: Analytical Advances, Smart Packaging, and Digital Integration"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1198-4573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Abu","family":"Rayhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology Shahjalal University of Science and Technology  Sylhet Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1247-3450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Hassan Bin","family":"Nabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology Shahjalal University of Science and Technology  Sylhet Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4332-6585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamanna","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology Shahjalal University of Science and Technology  Sylhet Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6423-4916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Suhel","family":"Mia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology Shahjalal University of Science and Technology  Sylhet Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1513-7301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wahidu","family":"Zzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology Shahjalal University of Science and Technology  Sylhet Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10101587"},{"issue":"15","key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15152592","article-title":"AI\u2010Driven Nondestructive Measurement Technologies for Meat Quality and Safety: A Review","volume":"15","author":"Alal L. 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