{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:51:42Z","timestamp":1791348702721,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32360182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32360182"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004763","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2026MS0707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026MS0707"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004763","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Female reproductive aging is characterized by progressive follicular depletion, deterioration of oocyte quality, and endocrine decline, with oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, immune\u2010inflammatory remodeling, and granulosa\u2010cell loss contributing to ovarian functional deterioration. This critical narrative review, supported by a structured literature search, evaluates mechanistic, preclinical, and human evidence for probiotic and microbiota\u2010targeted modulation of the gut\u2013ovarian axis. The current evidence base remains predominantly preclinical. In premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), chemotherapy\u2010induced ovarian injury, and reproductive\u2010aging models, selected interventions have modified intestinal microbial ecology, barrier function, microbial metabolites, and systemic immune\u2013metabolic\u2013endocrine signaling, with model\u2010specific effects on ovarian redox homeostasis, granulosa\u2010cell survival, follicular development, mitochondrial function, and oocyte\u2010related outcomes. Mechanistic support is strongest where gut dependency, metabolite supplementation, or related causal approaches have been demonstrated, but responses remain highly strain\u2010, model\u2010, dose\u2010, route\u2010, and host\u2010dependent. Human trials in PCOS and menopause\u2010related or reproductive settings have reported changes in selected metabolic, hormonal, menstrual, symptom, quality\u2010of\u2010life, and fertility\u2010related outcomes; however, our structured literature and trial\u2010registry searches did not identify a randomized human trial specifically designed to test whether probiotic or microbiota\u2010targeted intervention slows the longitudinal physiological loss of ovarian reserve or delays physiological ovarian aging. Findings from disease models, fecal microbiota transplantation, or other experimental interventions should therefore not be equated with the efficacy of oral probiotic foods or supplements. Current evidence supports biological plausibility and translational potential rather than established ovarian anti\u2010aging efficacy. Future studies should evaluate well\u2010characterized oral strains using prespecified ovarian\u2010aging\u2010relevant endpoints, mechanistic biomarkers, and standardized safety assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.72454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:38:07Z","timestamp":1791347887000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modulating the Gut\u2013Ovarian Axis: Mechanistic Rationale and the Limits of Current Evidence for Probiotics in Female Reproductive Aging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Meiqi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering Inner Mongolia Minzu University  Tongliao China"},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technical Research Center for Personalized Medicine  Tongliao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering Inner Mongolia Minzu University  Tongliao China"},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technical Research Center for Personalized Medicine  Tongliao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengshuang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering Inner Mongolia Minzu University  Tongliao China"},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technical Research Center for Personalized Medicine  Tongliao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering Inner Mongolia Minzu University  Tongliao China"},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technical Research Center for Personalized Medicine  Tongliao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering Inner Mongolia Minzu University  Tongliao China"},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technical Research Center for Personalized Medicine  Tongliao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenxi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering Inner Mongolia Minzu University  Tongliao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9335-2264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanbo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering Inner Mongolia Minzu University  Tongliao China"},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technical Research Center for Personalized Medicine  Tongliao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s8756\u20103282(00)00451\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.132055"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010020\u201072161\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/rep\u201016\u20100129"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2424911"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048\u2010022\u201001080\u20103"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5632","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4212","article-title":"Effects of Kefir Consumption on Gut Microbiota and Health Outcomes in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","volume":"12","author":"\u00c7\u0131tar Daz\u0131ro\u011flu M. 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