{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:50:45Z","timestamp":1791895845688,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003970","name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["199061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["199061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003970","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004484","name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Tehran University of Medical Sciences"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Tehran University of Medical Sciences"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004484","name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1400\u20102\u2010244\u201053323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1400\u20102\u2010244\u201053323"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 CA272977\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 CA272977\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chronic inflammation may contribute to breast cancer (BC). The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and energy\u2010adjusted DII (E\u2010DII) quantify the inflammatory potential of diet. This case\u2013control study evaluated associations of the DII and E\u2010DII with BC risk among Iranian women. We recruited 600 newly diagnosed BC cases and 600 population\u2010based controls from Isfahan, Iran. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 168\u2010item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). DII and E\u2010DII scores were calculated based on 26 and 25 food parameters, respectively. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Multivariable\u2010adjusted models accounted for confounders including age, body mass index, reproductive history, and sunlight exposure. Higher E\u2010DII scores were significantly associated with an increased odds of developing BC. In the fully adjusted models, women in the highest quartile of the E\u2010DII had 63% greater risk than those in the lowest quartile (adjusted OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.08\u20132.45). Analyses based on continuous E\u2010DII also showed that each unit increase in the E\u2010DII score was linked to a 14% increase in BC odds (adjusted OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.05\u20131.24). In contrast, DII scores were not significantly associated with BC risk in any of the models. This study demonstrated that diets with stronger inflammatory properties, indicated by elevated E\u2010DII scores, are associated with a higher risk of BC among Iranian women. These outcomes underline the value of using energy\u2010normalized inflammatory indices when assessing dietary influences on cancer risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.72473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:15:16Z","timestamp":1791893716000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inflammatory Potential of Diet and Breast Cancer Risk: A Population\u2010Based Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8383-6676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Amani\u2010Beni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3547-0493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sherry","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina  Columbia South Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition Connecting Health Innovations LLC (CHI)  Columbia South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5269-0061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bahar","family":"Darouei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8607-4507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Abdollahpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non\u2010Communicable Disease Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaghayegh Haghjooy","family":"Javanmard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Institute, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazem","family":"Zendehdel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0677-2672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James R.","family":"Hebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina  Columbia South Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition Connecting Health Innovations LLC (CHI)  Columbia South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-25-0640","article-title":"Lifetime Sunlight Exposure and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Population\u2010Based Incident Case\u2013Control Study","volume":"34","author":"Abdollahpour I.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & 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