{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T17:06:52Z","timestamp":1776964012375,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,20]],"date-time":"2018-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Ghana-Carnegie PhD Research Grant","award":["B8739 R01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B8739 R01"]}]},{"name":"Association of African Universities"},{"name":"International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Canada","award":["104519-009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["104519-009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Complementary foods that are deficient in both macronutrients and micronutrients coupled with a high burden of infections during the complementary feeding period are major underlying causes of child malnutrition in developing countries. Among the recent efforts to combat malnutrition by improving the quality of complementary foods in the developing world is the use of <jats:italic>Moringa oleifera<\/jats:italic> leaf powder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLP<\/jats:styled-content>) as a food fortificant. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to test the effect of feeding <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010fortified complementary food on hemoglobin concentration and growth of infants and young children after 4\u00a0months of feeding. Infants aged 8\u201312\u00a0months were randomly assigned to receive one of three study foods; Weanimix a cereal\u2010legume blend formulated with <jats:italic>Moringa<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201035g<\/jats:italic>), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLP<\/jats:styled-content> sprinkled on infants\u2019 usual complementary foods (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>\u20105g<\/jats:italic>) and the control food Weanimix without <jats:italic>Moringa<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CF<\/jats:styled-content>\u201035g<\/jats:italic>). Blood samples for hemoglobin determination as well as dietary intake and anthropometric data were collected at baseline and endline for 237 infants who completed the study. Data analysis was performed with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPSS<\/jats:styled-content> (version 20) and comparisons were done by analysis of covariance (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANCOVA<\/jats:styled-content>). There were no significant differences in hemoglobin concentration or growth indicators at endline between the three study groups. Findings of this study indicated that feeding infants a 5\u00a0g daily dose of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLP<\/jats:styled-content>, either as part of a cereal\u2010legume blend or as a supplement which was sprinkled on infants\u2019 usual complementary foods for 4\u00a0months, did not significantly improve infants\u2019 hemoglobin concentration or growth indicators.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]],"date-time":"2018-11-21T02:09:16Z","timestamp":1542766156000},"page":"302-311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Effect of complementary foods fortified with <i>Moringa oleifera<\/i> leaf powder on hemoglobin concentration and growth of infants in the Eastern Region of Ghana"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3195-6040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurene","family":"Boateng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science University of Ghana  Legon Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilhemina","family":"Quarpong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science University of Ghana  Legon Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agartha","family":"Ohemeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science University of Ghana  Legon Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matilda","family":"Asante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dietetics University of Ghana  Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matilda","family":"Steiner\u2010Asiedu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science University of Ghana  Legon Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8709.2010.00286.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"200","article-title":"Factors associated with haemoglobin concentration among Timor\u2010Leste children aged 6\u201359\u00a0months","volume":"26","author":"Agho K. E.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8709.2011.00343.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"Andrew A.(2010).Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder supplement to improve nutritional status of severely malnourished children aged 6\u201324\u00a0months in Arusha region. (Master's Thesis). Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"Rural nutrition interventions with indigenous plant foods\u2010a case study of vitamin A deficiency in Malawi","volume":"4","author":"Babu S. C.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572117708656"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"2","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"786","article-title":"Iron bioavailability from Moringa oleifera leaves is very low","volume":"31","author":"Gallaher D. D.","year":"2017","journal-title":"The FASEB Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","volume-title":"Ghana demographic and health survey, 2014","author":"Ghana Statistical Service (GSS), Ghana Health Service (GHS), and ICF International","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","volume-title":"Ghana demographic and health survey, 2014","author":"Ghana Statistical Service (GSS), Ghana Health Service (GHS), and ICF International","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.395"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.2.639S"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2013.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jssas.2016.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1519"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","volume-title":"Complementary feeding of young children in developing countries: A review of current scientific knowledge","author":"WHO","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/fns.2013.49128"}],"container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Ffsn3.890","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.890","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T13:04:08Z","timestamp":1694696648000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/fsn3.890"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,20]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/fsn3.890"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.890","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-7177","2048-7177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-7177","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-7177","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-09-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-11-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-11-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}