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In this study, 55 ULMs and matched myometrium were collected from 41 patients for microarray\u2010based global miRNA expression analysis. Of 206 miRNAs examined, 45 miRNAs were significantly up\u2010 or down\u2010regulated in ULMs in comparison to the matched myometrium (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). The top five dysregulated miRNAs in ULMs are the <jats:italic>let\u20107<\/jats:italic> family, <jats:italic>miR\u201021<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>miR\u201023b<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>miR\u201029b<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>miR\u2010197<\/jats:italic>. Four polycistronic clusters of miRNAs were either up\u2010 or down\u2010regulated, but not in a mixed pattern, indicative of coordinated regulation of these miRNAs. Significance analysis revealed that subsets of miRNAs were strongly associated with tumor sizes and race. By prediction analysis we identified some important tumorigenic genes previously identified in ULMs that may be targeted by the dysregulated miRNAs. <jats:italic>HMGA2<\/jats:italic> was identified as one of target genes of the <jats:italic>let\u20107<\/jats:italic> family of miRNAs and has been found to be suppressed by <jats:italic>let\u20107<\/jats:italic> in vitro. (This article contains Supplementary material available at <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.interscience.wiley.com\/jpages\/1045-2257\/suppmat\">http:\/\/www.interscience.wiley.com\/jpages\/1045\u20102257\/suppmat<\/jats:ext-link>.) \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.20415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,22]],"date-time":"2007-01-22T22:18:11Z","timestamp":1169504291000},"page":"336-347","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":210,"title":["A micro\u2010RNA signature associated with race, tumor size, and target gene activity in human uterine leiomyomas"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Tongsheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinmin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Obijuru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Laser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginie","family":"Aris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khush","family":"Mittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Soteropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian\u2010Jun","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsgi.2005.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.01.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki567"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02073"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2005.08.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh698"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.99"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.26.3.990-1001.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2005.09.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404432101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","volume-title":"Uterine Leiomyoma Longitudinal Interventions Studies: The Fibroid Growth Study","author":"Davis B","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-200202000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.5787"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Alport syndrome and diffuse leiomyomatosis. 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