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Incomplete or deficient repair of DNA double\u2010strand breaks (DSB) is manifested by chromosomal aberrations and their frequency reflects inter\u2010individual differences of response to exposure to mutagenic compounds. In this study, we investigated chromosomal integrity in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from newly diagnosed cancer patients, including 47 breast (BC) and 44 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and 90 matched healthy controls. Mutagen sensitivity was evaluated by measuring chromatid breaks (CTAs) induced by bleomycin and supplemented by the chemiluminescent measurement of \u03b3\u2010H2AX phosphorylation in 19 cancer patients (11 BC, 8 CRC). Relative telomere length (RTL) was determined in 22 BC, 32 CRC, and 64 controls. We observed statistically significant increased level of CTAs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.03) and increased percentage of aberrant cells (ACs) with CTAs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.05) in CRC patients compared with controls after bleomycin treatment. No differences were observed between BC cases and corresponding controls. CRC and BC patients with shorter RTL (below median) exhibited significantly higher amount of ACs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.02), CTAs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.02), and cells with high frequency of CTAs (\u226512 CTAs\/PBL; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.03) after bleomycin treatment. No such associations were observed in healthy controls. \u03b3\u2010H2AX phosphorylation after bleomycin treatment in PBL did not differ between CRC and BC patients. Our results suggest that altered DSB repair measured by sensitivity towards mutagen in PBL occurs particularly in CRC carcinogenesis. Irrespective of cancer type, telomere shortening may be associated with a decreased capacity to repair DSB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.22508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,20]],"date-time":"2017-10-20T07:22:40Z","timestamp":1508484160000},"page":"61-69","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Bleomycin\u2010induced chromosomal damage and shortening of telomeres in peripheral blood lymphocytes of incident cancer patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9112-7047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Kroupa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University Pilsen 30605 Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer Institute of Experimental Medicine, The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 14220 Czech 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