{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:41:47Z","timestamp":1786977707198,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020431","name":"Dartmouth Cancer Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020431","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Genes Chromosomes &amp;amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Recently, a distinct, bland spindle cell neoplasm with rhabdomyoblastic phenotype, and\n                    <jats:italic>VGLL3<\/jats:italic>\n                    rearrangement has been described. These tumors have a striking predilection for the head and neck area and so far, followed an indolent course. It remains unclear whether these tumors are best classified as true rhabdomyosarcomas. There are 11 reports of such tumors with limited follow\u2010up. Here, we report an additional case with local recurrence, long\u2010term follow\u2010up and spatial profiling. The tumor occurred in the right buccal mucosa\/oral commissure of a 47\u2010year\u2010old man. On clinical examination, the mass was firm, measuring ~1.5\u2009cm. Biopsy and subsequent wedge excision were performed. Histologically, the tumor was composed of bland, small, spindle to ovoid cells, arranged in short fascicles and vaguely storiform architecture. The tumor cells diffusely infiltrated into skeletal muscle. There was a background of inflammatory cells including small lymphocytes and histiocytes. Neoplastic cells were positive for SMA, demsin, PAX7, myogenin and MyoD1. Whole transcriptome sequencing revealed a\n                    <jats:italic>TCF12::VGLL3<\/jats:italic>\n                    fusion. Digital spatial profiling (DSP) identified pan\u2010AKT expression, differential expression in the MAPK pathway, and revealed that the tumor attracted a dense T\u2010cell rich inflammatory infiltrate. The patient had a lesion in the same location 6\u2009years prior that underwent incisional biopsy, showed intense inflammatory infiltrate, and was interpreted as benign. FISH for\n                    <jats:italic>VGLL3<\/jats:italic>\n                    on this tissue was positive for rearrangement. No additional adjuvant treatment was given, and the patient is alive without disease, 8\u2009months after the major resection. Long term follow\u2010up of 6\u2009years with only local recurrence lends further support to the notion that these neoplasms are a class of indolent\/low\u2010grade rhabdomyoblastic tumors that are biologically and clinically distinct from fully malignant spindle cell rhabdomyosarcomas.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.70126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T13:45:39Z","timestamp":1776260739000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spindle Cell Rhabdomyosarcoma of Oral Cavity With\n                    <i>TCF12::VGLL3<\/i>\n                    Fusion, Expanding on a Recently Described Entity With Digital Spatial Profiling and Long\u2010Term Follow Up"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Nooshin K.","family":"Dashti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dartmouth\u2010Hitchcock Medical Center  Lebanon New Hampshire USA"},{"name":"Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth  Hanover New Hampshire USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debopriya","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dartmouth\u2010Hitchcock Medical Center  Lebanon New Hampshire USA"},{"name":"Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth  Hanover New Hampshire USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhumala K.","family":"Sadanandappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dartmouth\u2010Hitchcock Medical Center  Lebanon New Hampshire USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5214-4813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carina A.","family":"Dehner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Pennsylvanian  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Pennsylvanian  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph A.","family":"Paydarfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat Dartmouth\u2010Hitchcock Medical Center  Lebanon New Hampshire USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura J.","family":"Tafe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dartmouth\u2010Hitchcock Medical Center  Lebanon New Hampshire USA"},{"name":"Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth  Hanover New Hampshire 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