{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T01:09:14Z","timestamp":1792199354715,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]],"date-time":"2017-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Challenges"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The international sharing of virus data is critical for protecting populations against lethal infectious disease outbreaks. Scientists must rapidly share information to assess the nature of the threat and develop new medical countermeasures. Governments need the data to trace the extent of the outbreak, initiate public health responses, and coordinate access to medicines and vaccines. Recent outbreaks suggest, however, that the sharing of such data cannot be taken for granted \u2013 making the timely international exchange of virus data a vital global challenge. This article undertakes the first analysis of the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data as an innovative policy effort to promote the international sharing of genetic and associated influenza virus data. Based on more than 20 semi\u2010structured interviews conducted with key informants in the international community, coupled with analysis of a wide range of primary and secondary sources, the article finds that the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data contributes to global health in at least five ways: (1) collating the most complete repository of high\u2010quality influenza data in the world; (2) facilitating the rapid sharing of potentially pandemic virus information during recent outbreaks; (3) supporting the World Health Organization's biannual seasonal flu vaccine strain selection process; (4) developing informal mechanisms for conflict resolution around the sharing of virus data; and (5) building greater trust with several countries key to global pandemic preparedness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/gch2.1018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,13]],"date-time":"2017-01-13T04:19:35Z","timestamp":1484281175000},"page":"33-46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2055,"title":["Data, disease and diplomacy: GISAID's innovative contribution to global health"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Stefan","family":"Elbe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Global Health Policy, School of Global Studies University of Sussex  Brighton BN1 9SN UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gemma","family":"Buckland\u2010Merrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Global Health Policy University of Sussex  Brighton BN1 9SN UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bogner P.et al.2006. \u201cA global initiative on sharing avian flu data\u201d. Available at:http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/journal\/v442\/n7106\/full\/442981a.html. [Accessed 21 December 2015].","DOI":"10.1038\/442981a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Brown D. 2006. \u2018Bird Flu Fears Ignite Debate on Scientists\u2019 Sharing of Data\u2019. The Washington Post. 25 May 2006. Available at:https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/archive\/politics\/2006\/05\/25\/bird\u2010flu\u2010fears\u2010ignite\u2010debateon\u2010scientists\u2010sharing\u2010of\u2010data\/caf5ce4e\u2010c68e\u201044bd\u2010bc07\u20106e423a58475a\/. [Accessed 11 January 2016]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/497014a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"Fukuda K. 2011.Comments at \u2018Breaking through the InfluenzaWalls \u2013 A Symposium Hosted By The Federal Office For Agriculture And Food\u2019. Bonn Germany. 11 October 2011. Available at:https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=M5ekNjxuArk. [Accessed 11 January 2016]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1257622"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"Greenemeier L. 2009. \u2018Open\u2010access flu research web site is relaunched amid controversy\u2019 Scientific American (2009). Available at:https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/gisaid\u2010sib\u2010flu\u2010database. [Accessed 25 November 2015]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1516564"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"Neher R. Bedford T. 2015. \u2018nextflu: real\u2010time tracking of seasonal influenza virus evolution in humans\u2019 (2015) Bioinformatics. Available at:http:\/\/bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/early\/2015\/07\/03\/bioinformatics.btv381. full.pdf. [Accessed 4 December 2015]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/442963a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70589-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"Roos R. 2006. \u2018Scientists launch effort to share avian flu data\u2019. CIDRAP. Available at:http:\/\/www.cidrap.umn.edu\/news\u2010perspective\/2006\/08\/scientistslaunch\u2010effort\u2010share\u2010avian\u2010flu\u2010data. [Accessed 26 January 2016]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"Schnirring L. 2009. \u2018German government to host flu database\u2019. CIDRAP. 20 October 2009. Available at:http:\/\/www.cidrap.umn.edu\/news\u2010perspective\/2009\/10\/german\u2010government\u2010host\u2010flu\u2010database[Accessed 23 March 2016]."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V37N6p482","article-title":"Towards Mutual Trust, Transparency and Equity in Virus Sharing Mechanism: The Avian Influenza Case of Indonesia","volume":"37","author":"Sedyaningsih E.R.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annals of the Academy of Medicine (Singapore)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","volume-title":"It's time for the world to change; in the spirit of dignity, equity, and transparency","author":"Supari S.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2016. \u2018FAQs H5N1 Influenza\u2019 Geneva. Available at:http:\/\/www.who.int\/influenza\/human_animal_interface\/avian_influenza\/h5n1_research\/faqs\/en\/[Accessed 07 January 2016]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"Yozwiak N.L. Schaffner S.F. Sabeti P.C. 2015. \u2018Data sharing: Make outbreak research open access\u2019. Nature. 25 February 2015. Available:http:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/data\u2010sharing\u2010make\u2010outbreak\u2010research\u2010open\u2010access\u20101.16966. [Accessed 11 January 2016]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","unstructured":"Zamiska N. 2006a. \u2018Scientist Rebels Against WHO Over Bird Flu\u2019. The Wall Street Journal.13 March 2006. Available at:http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB114221407089396217. [Accessed 11 January 2016]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","unstructured":"Zamiska N. 2006b. \u2018A Nonscientist Pushes Sharing Bird\u2010Flu Data\u2019 The Wall Street Journal. 30 August 2006 Available at:http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB115696782401349781[Accessed 23 March 2016]."}],"container-title":["Global Challenges"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fgch2.1018","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/gch2.1018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T08:01:14Z","timestamp":1696579274000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/gch2.1018"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/gch2.1018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gch2.1018","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2056-6646","2056-6646"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2056-6646","type":"print"},{"value":"2056-6646","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-04-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-11-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-01-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}