{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T16:10:12Z","timestamp":1790179812759,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Challenges"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In this study, defatted rice bran (RB) is used to prepare an environmentally friendly adhesive through chemical modifications. The RB is mixed with distilled water with ratios of 1:5 and 1:4 to prepare Type A and Type B adhesives, respectively having pH of 6, 8 and 10. Type A adhesive is prepared by treating RB with 1% potassium permanganate and 4% poly(vinyl alcohol), whereas Type B is formulated by adding 17.3% formaldehyde and 5.7% urea to RB. Viscosity, gel time, solid content, shear strength, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is carried out, and glass transition temperature (\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>g<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), and activation energy (\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) are determined to evaluate the performance of the adhesives.\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>\n                    data reveal that adhesives prepared at mild alkaline (pH 8) form long\u2010chain polymers. Gel time is higher in the fabricated adhesives than that of the commercial urea formaldehyde (UF). FTIR data suggest that functional groups of the raw RB are chemically modified, which enhances the bondability of the adhesives. Shear strength data indicates that bonding strength increases with increasing pH. Similar results are also observed for physical and mechanical properties of fabricated particleboards with the adhesives. The results demonstrate that RB\u2010based adhesives can be used as a potential alternative to currently used UF\u2010based resin.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/gch2.202000044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T02:56:27Z","timestamp":1611802587000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Preparation and Evaluation of Rice Bran\u2010Modified Urea Formaldehyde as Environmental Friendly Wood Adhesive"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2458-1626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Nazrul","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline Khulna University  Khulna 9208 Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Omar","family":"Faruk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline Khulna University  Khulna 9208 Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Nasim","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline Khulna University  Khulna 9208 Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atanu Kumar","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences  Ume\u00e5 SE\u201090183 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahsan","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Dhaka  Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_1","first-page":"259","volume-title":"Advanced Wood Adhesive Technology","author":"Lambuth A. L.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijadhadh.2018.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"9.1","volume-title":"Forest Products Laboratory, Report GTR\u2010113","author":"Vick C. B.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/app.48892"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"189","volume":"12","author":"Moubarik A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cienc. Tecnol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijadhadh.2013.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Resin Hydrolysis and Mechanisms of Formaldehyde Release from Bonded Wood Products","author":"Myers G. E.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2013.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/03699420810887861"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"2479","volume":"27","author":"Navarretea P.","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Adhes. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11746-011-1909-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/016942410X516209"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-379X(199906)51:6<225::AID-STAR225>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/star.201700211"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","author":"Esa N. M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rice Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"17","volume-title":"The Rice Grain and Its Gross Composition","author":"Juliano B. O.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcdf.2015.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-59011-0_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","author":"Dai X. Y.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Agric. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2005.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2005.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/03699421011085858"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/PRT-04-2015-0037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf9806964"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.11.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60131a045"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11814-017-0221-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0550416"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","volume-title":"RStudio: Integrated Development for R","author":"RStudio Team","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","volume-title":"Psych: Procedures for Personality and Psychological Research","author":"Revelle W.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","volume-title":"Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis","author":"Fox J.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-98141-3","volume-title":"Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis","author":"Wickham H.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","unstructured":"Origin OriginLab Northampton MA 2007."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","first-page":"231","volume":"21","author":"Beall F. C.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Wood Fiber Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/star.19610130604"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","first-page":"172","volume-title":"Handbook of Adhesives","author":"Lambuth A. L.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","first-page":"205","volume-title":"Food Chemistry","author":"Angleimer A. F.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","volume":"3","author":"Jadhav N. R.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian J. Pharm."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tca.2016.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA14343H"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2015.11.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","first-page":"65","volume-title":"Proc. 24th WSU Int. Particleboard\/Composite Materials Symp.","author":"Geimer R. L.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","first-page":"305","volume-title":"Fiber Ingredients, Food Applications and Health Benefits","author":"Kahlon T. S.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2010.482678"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","unstructured":"B. O.Juliano Rice Chemistry and Technology. 2nd ed. American Association of Cereal Chemist Saint Paul MN USA1985 pp.59\u2013174."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.2001.tb11322.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","first-page":"218","volume":"62","author":"Champagne E. T.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cereal Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/star.200600570"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","first-page":"42","volume-title":"Handbook of Hydrocolloids","author":"Murphy P.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-102001-2.00001-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10924-011-0295-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17480272.2011.601816"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01694243.2014.987362"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/star.200500468"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","first-page":"283","volume":"8","author":"Sulaiman N. S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-8524(02)00082-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6690(01)00094-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ajcbe.20180201.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pi.1932"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","volume-title":"Specification for Concrete Aggregates","author":"ASTM Standard D.1037","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.124277"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-379X(199906)51:6<197::AID-STAR197>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/03699421311288733"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA00858H"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315369242-7","volume-title":"Bio\u2010Based Wood Adhesives: Preparation, Characterization, and Testing","author":"Basta A. H.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/PRT-08-2013-0077"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2020.101261"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156855506777952138"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","unstructured":"USCPSC The United States Consumer Product Safety Commission Bethesda MD 1972."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2012.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00107-019-01409-8"}],"container-title":["Global Challenges"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/gch2.202000044","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/gch2.202000044","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/gch2.202000044","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T14:46:58Z","timestamp":1693406818000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/gch2.202000044"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/gch2.202000044"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gch2.202000044","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2056-6646","2056-6646"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2056-6646","type":"print"},{"value":"2056-6646","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-06-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2000044"}}