{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T16:42:42Z","timestamp":1789231362827,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Challenges"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To curb the spread of the COVID\u201019 virus, the use of face masks such as disposable surgical masks and N95 respirators is being encouraged and even enforced in some countries. The widespread use of masks has resulted in global shortages and individuals are reusing them. This calls for proper disinfection of the masks while retaining their protective capability. In this study, the killing efficiency of ultraviolet\u2010C (UV\u2010C) irradiation, dry heat, and steam sterilization against bacteria (<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>), fungi (<jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>), and nonpathogenic virus (<jats:italic>Salmonella virus P22<\/jats:italic>) is investigated. UV\u2010C irradiation for 10\u00a0min in a commercial UV sterilizer effectively disinfects surgical masks. N95 respirators require dry heat at 100 \u00b0C for hours while steam treatment works within 5\u00a0min. To address the question on safe reuse of the disinfected masks, their bacteria filtration efficiency, particle filtration efficiency, breathability, and fluid resistance are assessed. These performance factors are unaffected after 5 cycles of steam (10\u00a0min per cycle) and 10 cycles of dry heat at 100\u00a0\u00b0C (40\u00a0min per cycle) for N95 respirators, and 10 cycles of UV\u2010C irradiation for surgical masks (10\u00a0min per side per cycle). These findings provide insights into formulating the standard procedures for reusing masks without compromising their protective ability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/gch2.202100030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T14:40:33Z","timestamp":1627483233000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Exploring Reusability of Disposable Face Masks: Effects of Disinfection Methods on Filtration Efficiency, Breathability, and Fluid Resistance"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Jye Yng","family":"Teo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos #07\u201001 Singapore 138669 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Kng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos #07\u201001 Singapore 138669 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balamurugan","family":"Periaswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos #07\u201001 Singapore 138669 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songlin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Research and Engineering 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08\u201003 Singapore 138634 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poh\u2010Chong","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Research and Engineering 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08\u201003 Singapore 138634 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen Ee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Health Services Pte Ltd 10 Hospital Boulevard, Level 19 SingHealth Tower Singapore 168582 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ban Hock","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Singapore General Hospital Outram Road Singapore 169608 Singapore"},{"name":"Infection Prevention &amp; 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