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This study evaluates the mechanical, microstructural, and durability characteristics of LC3 concrete modified with surkhi and nano\u2010silica as cementitious materials, replacing metakaolin and gypsum. Surkhi and nano\u2010silica are varied from 0%\u201340% and 0%\u20134%, respectively, while fine aggregate is completely replaced with M\u2010sand to improve packing density. Ten M30\u2010grade concrete mixes are analyzed after 28 and 90 days of curing. By incorporating surkhi and nano\u2010silica as partial replacements for metakaolin and gypsum in LC3 concrete, the research investigates potential improvements in strength, durability, and microstructural integrity of the concrete and provides lower greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional Portland cement. Results revealed that surkhi and nano\u2010silica significantly improved strength and microstructure, with surkhi optimally limited to 30%. M\u2010sand proved effective in enhancing durability against weathering. These findings position modified LC3 concrete as a sustainable alternative, offering improved performance and advancing its potential within the circular economy framework.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/gch2.202500026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T11:48:10Z","timestamp":1744285690000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Sustainable LC3 Concrete in the Circular Economy: Assessment of Mechanical, Microstructural, and Durability Characteristics with Surkhi, Metakaolin, Nano\u2010Silica, and M\u2010Sand Blended Concrete"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Badrinarayan","family":"Rath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering Graphic Era Deemed to be University  Dehradun Uttarakhand 248002 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6072-9010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Praveenkumar","family":"T R","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering Graphic Era Deemed to be University  Dehradun Uttarakhand 248002 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kavindra Singh","family":"Dhami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering Graphic Era Deemed to be University  Dehradun Uttarakhand 248002 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prabhu","family":"Paramasivam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Innovation Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS  Chennai Tamil Nadu 602105 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1237-9531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Peace and Development Studies Njala University  BO Campus \u201318 Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jace.14948"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-020-0093-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2015.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2024.102846"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2015.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-023-04591-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15583058.2010.511694"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2010.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2023.107199"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2019.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clay.2008.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-9465(01)00061-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2014.02.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8846(96)00148-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"393","volume":"99","author":"Ding J.","year":"2002","journal-title":"ACI Mater. 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