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As a result, the optimum engine performance is achieved at 10 L\u00a0min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . At a peak load of 5.02\u00a0kW, BDf20 + H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (10 L\u00a0min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) improves brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 16.75%, and reduces brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by 10.83% compared to conventional diesel. For emission characteristics, unburnt hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) decrease by 42.65, 44.74, and 20.91%, respectively, although NOx emissions increased by 17.1% due to higher combustion temperatures. Moreover, combustion characteristics show a 9.91% rise in peak in\u2010cylinder pressure, a 20.82% increase in heat release rate, and an 8.26% longer ignition delay period. The results confirm the effectiveness of H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    enrichment in improving combustion performance while significantly reducing pollutant emissions, showing that combining H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    with biodiesel enhances the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) by advancing clean and renewable energy solutions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/gch2.202500260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T10:54:29Z","timestamp":1757760869000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Towards Sustainable Development Goals: Application of Hydrogen\u2010Enriched Mahua Biodiesel\/Diesel Blend to Dual\u2010Fuel Diesel Engine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Anh Tuan","family":"Hoang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy\u2010Fuel Technology and Applied Material Research Group Dong Nai Technology University Dong Nai Vietnam"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering Dong Nai Technology University Dong Nai Vietnam"},{"name":"Graduate School of Energy and Environment Korea University  145 Anam\u2010ro, Seongbuk\u2010gu Seoul 02841 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swarup Kumar","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering &amp; School of Chemical Engineering Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (Deemed to be University)  Odisha 751024 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milan","family":"Vujanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture University of Zagreb  Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Olga","family":"Guerrero\u2010P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering School of Industrial Engineering University of M\u00e1laga M\u00e1laga 29071 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Castell\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Science Interuniversitary Institute for Research in Biorefineries I3B University of Malaga  M\u00e1laga 29071 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Cruz","family":"L\u00f3pez\u2010Escalante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering School of Industrial Engineering University of M\u00e1laga M\u00e1laga 29071 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3360-3636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shams Forruque","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematical Sciences Sunway University  Bandar Sunway Petaling Jaya Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500 Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics &amp; Physics North South University Dhaka 1229 Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hady","family":"Hadiyanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University  Semarang Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Van Chinh","family":"Luu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Research and Development Duy Tan University  Da Nang Vietnam"},{"name":"School of Engineering &amp; Technology Duy Tan University Da Nang Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Van Nhanh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Engineering HUTECH University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan Phuong","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PATET Research Group Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport  Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dao Nam","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PATET Research Group Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport  Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en16135153"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-022-11786-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2023.117267"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","author":"Luo Q.","year":"2020","journal-title":"SAE Mobilus"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2023.117861"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12649-023-02402-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2023.09.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/pomr-2024-0010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.134260"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/pomr-2023-0038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2025.01.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecmx.2024.100574"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2021.106999"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en15228573"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","author":"Huynh D. 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