{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:58:16Z","timestamp":1790607496526,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2022\u2010137847OB\u2010100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022\u2010137847OB\u2010100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Challenges"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    One of the most devastating and frustrating complications in orthopaedic surgery is infection. A project is underway in our laboratory to explore the use of supercritical CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (scCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) as an impregnation medium for treating orthopaedic prostheses to prevent infections. We present our results on the incorporation of antibiotics into the polymeric part of prostheses (inserts) using scCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    as a green solvent capable of penetrating the inserts carrying the drug without altering their structural integrity. Experiments were performed using pieces of actual knee joint liners of cross\u2010linked ultra\u2010high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) cut into small pieces. Materials were impregnated with the antibiotic clindamycin dissolved in CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    at 35\u201355\u00b0C and 100\u2013200\u00a0bar. Moderate loadings (0.13%\u20131.85% mass) were obtained due to the compact nature of the UHMWPE liners and the weak interaction between the drug and the support. Drug loading increased with the CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    density and the depressurization rate. The impregnated prosthesis pieces were free of solvent residues and exhibited antibacterial activity against\n                    <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , evidenced by the formation of inhibition halos, confirming the effectiveness of this approach in preventing bacterial colonization.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/gch2.70148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T07:58:00Z","timestamp":1789199880000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Supercritical Solution Impregnation: A Strategy to Prevent Prosthetic Infections"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Salas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry Complutense University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry Complutense University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9476-5906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry Complutense University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2575-1233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helga K.","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry Complutense University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1583-0766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rama","family":"Hafian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Complutense University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7588-1880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n  Mara\u00f1\u00f3n Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3184-4954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lourdes","family":"Calvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Complutense University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7922-5752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albertina","family":"Caba\u00f1as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry Complutense University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.22171"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"OECD Health at a Glance 2023: OECD Indicators OECD Publishing Paris(2023) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/7a7afb35\u2010en."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.Oa.22.00112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.resolvemedicalbills.com\/blog\/the\u2010true\u2010cost\u2010of\u2010a\u2010joint\u2010replacement\u2010in\u2010the\u2010us."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2008.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2016.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1352273"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.02.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.202300389"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2022.110653"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16070895"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jace.18104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13071102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","volume-title":"Green Chemistry\u00a0: Theory and Practice","author":"Anastas P. 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