{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:58:14Z","timestamp":1790607494160,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Challenges"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Luminescent downshifting (LDS) layers in greenhouses modify the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) spectrum to enhance plant growth, with surface texturing enabling a critical role in improving downward light extraction. The 3\u00a0mm\u2010thick LDS layers incorporate two different dyes (Lumogen F Red 305 and Eu\u2010coordination complex) and six micro\u2010structures (cones, square pyramids, cylinders, half\u2010cylinders, domes, and prisms) are systematically optimised to maximise downward\u2010extracted (\n                    <jats:italic>DE<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) efficiency of both converted red luminescence and unconverted (not absorbed by luminophores) sunlight. Monte Carlo ray\u2010tracing simulations model small\u2010area (25\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and infinite\u2010area LDS layers and their integration into a 10 \u00d7 4 \u00d7 2\u00a0m greenhouse. The highest\n                    <jats:italic>DE<\/jats:italic>\n                    efficiency (65%) occurs in the infinite LDS layers containing bottom\u2010indented cylinders with an aspect ratio (\n                    <jats:italic>AR<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) of 0.9. These results emphasise the importance of moving beyond small\u2010area LDS layer performance to determine the amount of red light (converted luminescence as well as unconverted sunlight) that reaches the floor of a full\u2010scale greenhouse, defined here as the red enhancement fraction (\n                    <jats:italic>REF<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). The\n                    <jats:italic>REF<\/jats:italic>\n                    is maximised for a greenhouse containing Lumogen F Red 305 in Karlsruhe in winter (70%) using top\u2010indented domes and bottom\u2010indented cylinders (\n                    <jats:italic>AR<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.2), while smaller gains are made in summer (22%) and in spring\/autumn (35%).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/gch2.70163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T07:55:41Z","timestamp":1790322941000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Influence of Micro\u2010Scale Surface Texturing on Light Distribution From Luminescent Downshifting Layers for Next\u2010Generation Greenhouses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9147-7992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juvet","family":"N. 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